2013년 11월 29일 금요일

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About 'locksmith london'|Locksmith Scarborough offering professional services

Ｗｉｔｈ               Ｇｅｏｒｇｅ               Ｗ.

Ｂｕｓｈ               ａｎｄ               Ｖｌａｄｉｍｉｒ               Ｐｕｔｉｎ               ｓｅｅｍｉｎｇｌｙ               ｉｎｔｅｎｔ               ｏｎ               ｂｒｉｎｇｉｎｇ               ｂａｃｋ               ｔｈｅ               Ｃｏｌｄ               Ｗａｒ,               ｔｈｅ               ｌｉｆｅ               ａｎｄ               ｃａｒｅｅｒ               ｏｆ               Ｊｏｓｅｆ               Ｂｒｏｚ               Ｔｉｔｏ,               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｓｔ               ｄｉｃｔａｔｏｒ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｒｓｔｗｈｉｌｅ               ｕｎｉｔｅｄ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ,               ｇｉｖｅｓ               ａｎ               ｅｘａｍｐｌｅ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｒｕｌｉｎｇ               ｃｌｉｑｕｅｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ＵＳＳＲ'ｓ               ｆｏｒｍｅｒ               ｓａｔｅｌｌｉｔｅｓ               ｏｎ               ｈｏｗ               ＮＯＴ               ｔｏ               ｉｎｃｕｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｆａｔａｌ               ｗｒａｔｈ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｒｕｓｓｉａｎ               Ｂｅａｒ.

Ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｔｒｕｅ               ｔｈａｔ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ               ｗａｓ               ｎｅｖｅｒ               ａ               ｐａｒｔ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｒｕｓｓｉａｎ               Ｅｍｐｉｒｅ               ｎｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               Ｓｏｖｉｅｔ               Ｕｎｉｏｎ               ｌｉｋｅ               Ｇｅｏｒｇｉａ               ａｎｄ               Ｕｋｒａｉｎｅ,               ｔｈｅ               Ｒｕｓｓｉａｎ               Ｅｍｐｉｒｅ               ｄｉｄ               ｇｏ               ｔｏ               ｗａｒ               ｉｎ               1914               ｏｖｅｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｉｎｔｅｇｒｉｔｙ               ｏｆ               Ｓｅｒｂｉａ,               ｏｎｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｅｎｔ               ｐａｒｔｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｋｉｎｇｄｏｍ               ｏｆ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ               ｔｈａｔ               ｗａｓ               ｃｒｅａｔｅｄ               ｂｙ               ｔｈｅ               Ｔｒｅａｔｙ               ｏｆ               Ｖｅｒｓａｉｌｌｅｓ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｏｒｍｅｒ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ               ａｎｄ               Ｒｕｓｓｉａ               ｈａｖｅ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｌｉｎｋｅｄ,               ａ               ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒａｔｉｏｎ               ｔｈａｔ               Ｇｅｏｒｇｅ               Ｗ.

Ｂｕｓｈ               ａｎｄ               Ｓｅｃｒｅｔａｒｙ               ｏｆ               Ｓｔａｔｅ               Ｃｏｎｄｏｌｅｅｚａ               Ｒｉｃｅ               ｓｈｏｕｌｄ               ｈａｖｅ               ｇｉｖｅｎ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｃｏｇｎｉｚａｎｃｅ               ｔｏｏ               ｂｅｆｏｒｅ               ｄｅｃｌａｒｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｃｅ               ｏｆ               Ｋｏｓｏｖｏ,               ｔｈｅ               Ａｌｂａｎｉａｎ-ｍａｊｏｒｉｔｙ               ｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ               ｏｆ               Ｓｅｒｂｉａ               ｔｈａｔ               ｈａｄ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｐａｒｔ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｐａｓｔ               ｓｅｖｅｎ               ｃｅｎｔｕｒｉｅｓ.

Ｒｕｓｓｉａ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               Ｓｏｖｉｅｔ               Ｕｎｉｏｎ               ａｌｗａｙｓ               ａｃｔｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔ               ｉｔｓ               ｂｏｒｄｅｒｓ,               ｔｏ               ｃｒｅａｔｅ               ａ               ｇｌａｃｉｓ               ｔｏ               ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅ               ｓｅｃｕｒｉｔｙ               ａｇａｉｎｓｔ               ｉｎｖａｓｉｏｎ.

Ｏｎｅ               ｍｕｓｔ               ａｓｋ               ｈｏｗ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ               Ｓｔａｔｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎ               Ｕｎｉｏｎ               ｔｈｏｕｇｈｔ               ｔｈｅｙ               ｃｏｕｌｄ               ｐｒｏｖｏｋｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｌｅｅｐｉｎｇ               ｇｉａｎｔ               ｂｙ               ｄｅｃｌａｒｉｎｇ               Ｋｏｓｏｖｏ               ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｂａｓｉｓ               ｏｆ               ｉｔｓ               ｈａｖｉｎｇ               ａｎ               ｅｔｈｎｉｃ               ｍａｊｏｒｉｔｙ               ｔｈａｔ               ｗａｓ               ｎｏｎ-Ｓｅｒｂｉａｎ               ａｎｄ               ｎｏｔ               ｇｅｔ               ａ               ｃｏｍｍｅｎｓｕｒａｔｅ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ?

Ｉｔ               ｗａｓ               ｏｂｖｉｏｕｓ               ｔｈａｔ               Ｒｕｓｓｉａ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｒｅａｃｔ               ｂｙ               ｓｅｅｋｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｇｕａｒａｎｔｅｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｉｎｔｅｇｒｉｔｙ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｔｈｎｉｃ               Ｒｕｓｓｉａｎ               ｍａｊｏｒｉｔｉｅｓ               ｉｎ               Ｇｅｏｒｇｉａ,               ｏｒ               Ｕｋｒａｉｎｅ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈａｔ               ｍａｔｔｅｒ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎ               ｉｎ               Ｇｅｏｒｇｉａ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｍａｒｓｈｅｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｅｗ               Ｍｉｄｄｌｅ               Ｅｕｒｏｐｅ               ｔｈｅ               Ｗｅｓｔ               ｉｓ               ｔｒｙｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｃａｒｖｅ               ｏｕｔ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｅａｓｔ               ｉｓ               ｊｕｓｔ               ａ               ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               Ｔｈｅ               Ｇｒｅａｔ               Ｇａｍｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               19ｔｈ               Ｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ,               ｗｈｅｎ               Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎ               ｉｍｐｅｒｉａｌｉｓｔｓ               ｖｉｅｄ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               Ｒｕｓｓｉａｎ               Ｅｍｐｉｒｅ               ｆｏｒ               ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ               ａｎｄ               ｔｅｒｒｉｔｏｒｙ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｃａｕｃａｓｕｓ.
               Ｗｉｔｈ               ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｗａｒ               ｉｎ               Ｉｒａｑ               ｗａｎｉｎｇ,               ｐｅｒｈａｐｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｗａｒ-ｍｏｎｇｅｒｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｗｈｉｔｅ               Ｈｏｕｓｅ,               ａｂｅｔｔｅｄ               ｂｙ               ｔｈｅ               1950ｓ/ｅａｒｌｙ               '60ｓ               Ｃｏｌｄ               Ｗａｒ               ｃａｒｉｃａｔｕｒｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｉｓ               Ｒｅｐｕｂｌｉｃａｎ               Ｐｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔｉａｌ               ｎｏｍｉｎｅｅ-ｐｒｅｓｕｍｐｔｉｖｅ               Ｊｏｈｎ               ＭｃＣａｉｎ,               ａ               ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｉｏｎａｌ               ｗａｒ-ｍｏｎｇｅｒ,               ｄｅｃｉｄｅｄ               ｉｔ               ｗａｓ               ｂｅｓｔ               ｔｏ               ｒｅｓｔａｒｔ               ｔｈｅ               Ｃｏｌｄ               Ｗａｒ.

Ｉｔ               ｗａｓ               ｓａｉｄ               ｉｎ               ａｎｃｉｅｎｔ               Ｇｒｅｅｃｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｅａｃｈ               ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎ               ｈａｄ               ｔｏ               ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ               ｗａｒ               ａｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｕｎｂｌｏｏｄｅｄ               ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎ               ｄｉｄ               ｎｏｔ               ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄ               ｉｔ,               ｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｌｅｓｓｏｎｓ               ｌｅａｒｎｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｈａｒｄ-ｗａｙ               ｂｙ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓ               ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎ               ｔｈａｔ               ｈａｄ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｗａｒ.

(Ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｍｕｓｔ               ｈａｖｅ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｅｘｃｅｐｔｉｏｎｓ               ｔｈｅｎ,               ｌｉｋｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｈａｒｄ-ｈｅａｄｅｄ               Ｊｏｈｎ               ＭｃＣａｉｎ,               ｔｈｅ               ｔｙｐｅ               ｏｆ               ｗａｒ-ｌｏｖｅｒ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｏｓｔ-Ｗｏｒｌｄ               Ｗａｒ               ＩＩ               ｉｎｔｅｌｌｉｇｅｎｔｓｉａ               ｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙ               ｒｉｄｉｃｕｌｅｄ               ａｎｄ               ｌｏａｔｈｅｄ               ｄｅｓｐｉｔｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｆａｃｔ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｗｏｒｌｄ               ｔｈａｔ               ｃｒａｄｌｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｉｎｔｅｌｌｉｇｅｎｔｓｉａ               ｗａｓ               ｒｏｏｔｅｄ               ｉｎ               ａ               ｐｅｒｍａｎｅｎｔ               ｗａｒ               ｅｃｏｎｏｍｙ               ｔｈａｔ               ｎｅｅｄｅｄ               ｍｅｎ               ｌｉｋｅ               Ｊｏｈｎ               ＭｃＣａｉｎ.

Ｎｏｂｏｄｙ               ｈａｔｅｓ               ｗａｒ               ｌｉｋｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｉｏｎａｌ               ｓｏｌｄｉｅｒ,               ｔｈｅ               ａｍａｔｅｕｒｓ               ｓａｙ.

Ｄｏｎ'ｔ               ｙｏｕ               ｂｅｌｉｅｖｅ               ｉｔ.)
               Ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｒｅｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｃｏｌｄ               Ｗａｒ,               ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｔｉｍｅ               ｔｏ               ｒｅａｃｑｕａｉｎｔ               ａ               ｎｅｗ               ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓ               ｂｏｒｎ               ｓｉｎｃｅ               Ｒｏｎａｌｄ               Ｒｅａｇａｎ               ｄｉｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｉｍｐｒｏｂａｂｌｅ               ａｎｄ               ｗａｓ               ｅｌｅｃｔｅｄ               Ｐｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔ               ｔｏ               Ｍａｒｓｈａｌ               Ｊｏｓｅｆ               Ｂｒｏｚ               Ｔｉｔｏ,               ａ               ｗａｒ-ｍｏｎｇｅｒ               ｗｈｏ               ｐａｒａｄｏｘｉｃａｌｌｙ               ｍａｎａｇｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｋｅｅｐ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｅａｃｅ.

Ｔｉｔｏ               ｍａｎａｇｅｄ               ｔｏ               ａｃｃｅｐｔ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ               ｍｉｌｉｔａｒｙ               ａｎｄ               ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃ               ａｉｄ               ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｋｅｅｐｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               Ｓｏｖｉｅｔ               Ｕｎｉｏｎ               ａｔ               ｂａｙ.
               Ａ               Ｄｉｃｔａｔｏｒ               ｉｓ               Ｂｏｒｎ

               Ｂｏｒｎ               Ｊｏｓｉｐ               Ｂｒｏｚ               ｏｎ               Ｍａｙ               7,               1892               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｃｒｏａｔｉａｎ               ｖｉｌｌａｇｅ               ｏｆ               Ｋｕｍｒｏｖｅｃ,               ｉｎ               ｗｈａｔ               ｗａｓ               ｔｈｅｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ａｕｓｔｒｏ-Ｈｕｎｇａｒｉａｎ               Ｅｍｐｉｒｅ               (ａｎｄ               ｎｏｗ               ｉｓ               ｉｎ               Ｓｌｏｖｅｎｉａ),               ｈｅ               ｗａｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｅｖｅｎｔｈ               ｏｆ               ｆｉｆｔｅｅｎ               ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ               ｂｏｒｎ               ｔｏ               Ｒｏｍａｎ               Ｃａｔｈｏｌｉｃ               ｐｅａｓａｎｔｓ.

Ｈｉｓ               ｂｌａｃｋｓｍｉｔｈ               ｆａｔｈｅｒ,               Ｆｒａｎｊｏ               Ｂｒｏｚ               ｗａｓ               ａ               Ｃｒｏａｔ,               ａｎｄ               ｈｉｓ               ｍｏｔｈｅｒ,               Ｍａｒｉｊａ,               ｗａｓ               Ｓｌｏｖｅｎｅ.

Ａｆｔｅｒ               ｓｐｅｎｄｉｎｇ               ａ               ｐａｒｔ               ｏｆ               ｈｉｓ               ｃｈｉｌｄｈｏｏｄ               ｙｅａｒｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｈｉｓ               ｍａｔｅｒｎａｌ               ｇｒａｎｄｆａｔｈｅｒ               ｉｎ               Ｐｏｄｓｒｅｄａ,               ｈｅ               ｒｅｔｕｒｎｅｄ               ｔｏ               Ｋｕｍｒｏｖｅｃ               ｔｏ               ａｔｔｅｎｄ               ｓｃｈｏｏｌ.

Ｈｅ               ｆａｉｌｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｉｒｓｔ               ｇｒａｄｅ               ａｎｄ               ｌｅｆｔ               ｈｉｓ               ｆｏｒｍａｌ               ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ               ｂｅｈｉｎｄ               ｉｎ               1905,               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ａｐｐｒｅｎｔｉｃｅｄ               ｗｉｔｈ               ａ               ｌｏｃｋｓｍｉｔｈ.

Ａｓ               ａ               ｊｏｕｒｎｅｙｍａｎ               ｌｏｃｋｓｍｉｔｈ,               ｈｅ               ｍｏｖｅｄ               ａｂｏｕｔ               ｔｈｅ               Ｅｍｐｉｒｅ.
               Ｔｈｅ               18-ｙｅａｒ-ｏｌｄ               Ｂｒｏｚ               ｊｏｉｎｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               Ｃｒｏａｔｉａｎ               Ｓｏｃｉａｌ               Ｄｅｍｏｃｒａｔｉｃ               Ｐａｒｔｙ;               ｉｎ               1913,               ｈｅ               ｗａｓ               ｄｒａｆｔｅｄ               ｉｎｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               Ａｕｓｔｒｏ-Ｈｕｎｇａｒｉａｎ               Ｉｍｐｅｒｉａｌ               Ａｒｍｙ.

Ａｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｅｇｉｎｎｉｎｇ               ｏｆ               Ｗｏｒｌｄ               Ｗａｒ               Ｉ,               Ｂｒｏｚ               --               ｗｈｏ               ｈａｄ               ｗｏｎ               ａ               ｓｉｌｖｅｒ               ｍｅｄａｌ               ａｔ               ａｎ               Ａｒｍｙ               ｆｅｎｃｉｎｇ               ｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎ               Ｍａｒｙ               1914               --               ｗａｓ               ｓｅｎｔ               ｔｏ               Ｒｕｍａ.

Ｉｔ               ｗａｓ               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｈｅ               ｂｅｇａｎ               ｔｏ               ｆｉｎｄ               ｈｉｍｓｅｌｆ               ａｎｄ               ｈｉｓ               ｌｉｆｅ'ｓ               ｃａｌｌｉｎｇ,               ｂｅｉｎｇ               ａｒｒｅｓｔｅｄ               ｆｏｒ               ａｎｔｉ-ｗａｒ               ｐｒｏｐａｇａｎｄａ               ａｎｄ               ｉｍｐｒｉｓｏｎｅｄ.

Ｈｅ               ｗａｓ               ｓｅｎｔ               ｔｏ               Ｇａｌｉｃｉａ               ｔｏ               ｆｉｇｈｔ               ａｇａｉｎｓｔ               ｔｈｅ               Ｒｕｓｓｉａｎｓ               ａｎｄ               Ｓｅｒｂｓ               ｉｎ               1915,               ａｎｄ               ｗａｓ               ｗａｓ               ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｌｙ               ｗｏｕｎｄｅｄ               ｂｙ               ａ               ｈｏｗｉｔｚｅｒ               ｓｈｅｌｌ.

Ｉｎ               Ａｐｒｉｌ               1915,               ｈｉｓ               ｅｎｔｉｒｅ               ｂａｔｔａｌｉｏｎ               ｗａｓ               ｃａｐｔｕｒｅｄ               ｂｙ               ｔｈｅ               Ｒｕｓｓｉａｎｓ.
               Ｔｈｅ               ｗｏｕｎｄｅｄ               Ｂｒｏｚ               ｓｐｅｎｔ               ｓｅｖｅｒａｌ               ｍｏｎｔｈｓ               ｃｏｎｖａｌｅｓｃｉｎｇ               ｉｎ               ａ               ｍｉｌｉｔａｒｙ               ｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌ,               ｗｈｅｒｅ               ｈｅ               ｌｅａｒｎｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｓｐｅａｋ               Ｒｕｓｓｉａｎ.

Ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｆａｌｌ               ｏｆ               1916,               ｈｅ               ｗａｓ               ｓｅｎｔ               ｔｏ               ａ               ｗｏｒｋ               ｃａｍｐ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕｒａｌ               ｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｓ.

Ｗｈｉｌｅ               ａｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｗｏｒｋ               ｃａｍｐ,               ｔｈｅ               ｆｉｒｓｔ               Ｒｕｓｓｉａｎ               Ｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               Ｆｅｂｒｕａｒｙ               1917               (Ｍａｒｃｈ,               ｎｅｗ               ｓｔｙｌｅ)               ｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｄ,               ｃｕｌｍｉｎａｔｉｎｇ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ａｂｄｉｃａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               Ｔｓａｒ               Ｎｉｃｈｏｌａｓ               ＩＩ               ｏｎ               Ｍａｒｃｈ               15ｔｈ.

Ｂｒｏｚ               ｗａｓ               ａｒｒｅｓｔｅｄ               ｆｏｒ               ｏｒｇａｎｉｚｉｎｇ               ｄｅｍｏｎｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎｓ               ａｍｏｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｉｓｏｎｅｒｓ               ｏｆ               ｗａｒ               ｉｎ               Ａｐｒｉｌ               1917,               ｂｕｔ               ｈｅ               ｅｓｃａｐｅｄ               ａｎｄ               ｊｏｉｎｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               Ｂｏｌｓｈｅｖｉｋｓ               ｉｎ               Ｓｔ.

Ｐｅｔｅｒｂｕｒｇ               (ｒｅｎａｍｅｄ               Ｐｅｔｒｏｇｒａｄ               ａｆｔｅｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｉｒｓｔ               ｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ),               ｅｎｇａｇｉｎｇ               ｉｎ               ｓｔｒｅｅｔ               ｆｉｇｈｔｉｎｇ               ｄｕｒｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ａｔｔｅｍｐｔｅｄ               Ｂｏｌｓｈｅｖｉｋ               ｃｏｕｐ               ｄ'ｅｔａｔ               ｉｎ               Ｐｅｔｒｏｇｒａｄ               ｏｎ               Ｊｕｌｙ               16-17,               1917.
               Ｔｈｅ               Ｂｏｌｓｈｅｖｉｋ               ｉｎｓｕｒｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ               ｆａｉｌｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｓｐａｒｋ               ａ               ｗｉｄｅｒ               ｒｅｖｏｌｔ,               ａｎｄ               ｗａｓ               ｃｒｕｓｈｅｄ               ｂｙ               ｆｏｒｃｅｓ               ｌｏｙａｌ               ｔｏ               Ａｌｅｋｓａｎｄｒ               Ｋｅｒｅｎｓｋｙ,               ｈｅａｄ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｏｖｉｓｉｏｎａｌ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ.

Ｂｒｏｚ               ｆｌｅｄ               ｆｏｒ               Ｆｉｎｌａｎｄ               ｔｏ               ｔｒｙ               ａｖｏｉｄ               ａｒｒｅｓｔ,               ｂｕｔ               ｈｉｓ               ｆｌｉｇｈｔ               ｆａｉｌｅｄ               ａｎｄ               ｈｅ               ｗａｓ               ｌｏｃｋｅｄ-ｕｐ.

Ｈｅ               ｅｓｃａｐｅｄ               ｆｒｏｍ               ａ               ｔｒａｉｎ               ｔａｋｉｎｇ               ｈｉｍ               ｔｏ               ａｎｏｔｈｅｒ               ｗｏｒｋ               ｃａｍｐ,               ａｎｄ               ｉｎ               Ｎｏｖｅｍｂｅｒ,               ｈｅ               ｊｏｉｎｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               Ｒｅｄ               Ａｒｍｙ               ｉｎ               Ｏｍｓｋ,               Ｓｉｂｅｒｉａ,               ｆｉｇｈｔｉｎｇ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               Ｒｅｄ               Ｇｕａｒｄｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｉｒｓｔ               ｙｅａｒｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｒｕｓｓｉａｎ               Ｃｉｖｉｌ               Ｗａｒ               ｐｉｔｔｉｎｇ               Ｒｅｄｓ               ａｇａｉｎｓｔ               Ｗｈｉｔｅｓ               (ｒｏｙａｌｉｓｔｓ)               ａｎｄ               ｏｔｈｅｒｓ.

Ｂｒｏｚ               ａｐｐｌｉｅｄ               ｆｏｒ               ｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｈｉｐ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｒｕｓｓｉａｎ               Ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｓｔ               Ｐａｒｔｙ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｐｒｉｎｇ               ｏｆ               1918.
               Ｔｈｅ               Ｔｒｅａｔｙ               ｏｆ               Ｖｅｒｓａｉｌｌｅｓ               ｉｎｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅｄ               Ｃｒｏａｔｉａ               ｉｎｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｅｗｌｙ               ｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ               Ｋｉｎｇｄｏｍ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｓｅｒｂｓ,               Ｃｒｏａｔｓ               ａｎｄ               Ｓｌｏｖｅｎｅｓ               (ｏｒ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ),               ａｎｄ               ｗｈｅｎ               ｈｅ               ｒｅｔｕｒｎｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｈｉｓ               ｖｉｌｌａｇｅ               ｉｎ               1920,               ｈｅ               ｊｏｉｎｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               Ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｓｔ               Ｐａｒｔｙ               ｏｆ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ               (ＣＰＹ).

Ｎｏｗ               ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｄ               ａｓ               ａ               ｍｅｔａｌｗｏｒｋｅｒ,               Ｂｒｏｚ               ｂｅｃａｍｅ               ａ               ｕｎｉｏｎ               ｏｒｇａｎｉｚｅｒ.

Ｈｅ               ｗａｓ               ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｔｌｙ               ａｒｒｅｓｔｅｄ               ａｆｔｅｒ               ａ               Ｂｏｓｎｉａｎ               ＣＰＹ               ｍｅｍｂｅｒ               ａｓｓａｓｓｉｎａｔｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａｎ               Ｍｉｎｉｓｔｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｉｎｔｅｒｉｏｒ,               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ｌｅａｄ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｏｕｔｌａｗｉｎｇ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ＣＰＹ.

Ｂｒｏｚ               ｓｗｉｔｃｈｅｄ               ｈｉｓ               ｏｒｇａｎｉｚｉｎｇ               ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｕｎｄｅｒｇｒｏｕｎｄ,               ａｎｄ               ｉｎ               Ａｐｒｉｌ               1927,               ｈｅ               ｈａｄ               ａｓｃｅｎｄｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ＣＰＹ'ｓ               Ｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅ               ｉｎ               Ｚａｇｒｅｂ.
               Ａｓ               ａ               ＣＰＹ               Ｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅｍａｎ,               Ｊｏｓｅｆ               Ｂｒｏｚ               Ｔｉｔｏ               ｃａｕｇｈｔ               ｔｈｅ               ａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｓｔ               Ｐａｒｔｙ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｓｏｖｉｅｔ               Ｕｎｉｏｎ               (ＣＰＳＵ).

Ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ               Ｓｏｖｉｅｔ               ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ,               Ｂｒｏｚ               ｗａｓ               ｒａｉｓｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｄｅｐｕｔｙ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｐｏｌｉｔｂｕｒｏ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ＣＰＹ               Ｃｅｎｔｒａｌ               Ｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅ               ａｎｄ               ｎａｍｅｄ               ｌｅａｄｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｃｒｏａｔｉａｎ               ａｎｄ               Ｓｌｏｖｅｎｉａｎ               ｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅｓ.
               Ｂｙ               1934,               ｐａｒｌｉａｍｅｎｔａｒｙ               ｄｅｍｏｃｒａｃｙ               ｉｎ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ               ｈａｄ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｒｅｐｌａｃｅｄ               ｂｙ               ａ               ｄｉｃｔａｔｏｒｓｈｉｐ               ｕｎｄｅｒ               ｔｈｅ               ａｅｇｉｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖ               Ｋｉｎｇ,               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ＣＰＹ               ｒｅｍａｉｎｅｄ               ｂａｎｎｅｄ.

Ｉｔ               ｗａｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｙｅａｒ,               ｓｈｏｒｔｌｙ               ａｆｔｅｒ               ｈｉｓ               ｒｅｌｅａｓｅ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｈｉｓ               ｌａｔｅｓｔ               ｐｒｉｓｏｎ               ｓｅｎｔｅｎｃｅ,               ｔｈａｔ               Ｂｒｏｚ               ｗａｓ               ｎａｍｅｄ               ａ               ｆｕｌｌ               ｍｅｍｂｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ＣＰＹ               Ｐｏｌｉｔｂｕｒｏ               ａｎｄ               Ｃｅｎｔｒａｌ               Ｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅ.

Ｈｅ               ａｄｏｐｔｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｏｍｍｅ               ｄｅ               ｇｕｅｒｒｅ               "Ｔｉｔｏ"               ｔｏ               ｕｓｅ               ｉｎ               ｈｉｓ               ｐａｒｔｙ               ｗｏｒｋ               (ｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｙ               ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ               'ｔｉｔｏ               ａｌｂａ,'               ｔｈｅ               ｏｗｌ,               ｉｓ               ａ               ｃｒｅａｔｕｒｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｉｇｈｔ,               ｂｕｔ               ｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｓ               ｗｉｓｄｏｍ).
               Ｔｈｅ               ｎｅｗｌｙ               ｙｃｌｅｐｔ               Ｔｉｔｏ               ｗｅｎｔ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ＵＳＳＲ               ｉｎ               1935,               ｗｈｅｒｅ               ｈｅ               ｓｅｒｖｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｓｔ               Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ'ｓ               (Ｃｏｍｉｎｔｅｒｎ)               Ｂａｌｋａｎ               ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ.

Ａｆｔｅｒ               ａ               ｙｅａｒ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               Ｃｏｍｉｎｔｅｒｎ,               Ｔｉｔｏ               --               ｗｈｏ               ａｐｐａｒｅｎｔｌｙ               ｗｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｎｆｉｄｅｎｃｅ               ｏｆ               Ｓｔａｌｉｎ               --               ｗａｓ               ｎａｍｅｄ               Ｓｅｃｒｅｔａｒｙ-Ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ＣＰＹ               ａｎｄ               ｒｅｔｕｒｎｅｄ               ｔｏ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ               ｔｏ               ｒｅｂｕｉｌｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｐａｒｔｙ.

Ｔｉｔｏ               ｆｉｌｌｅｄ               ｐａｒｔｙ               ｐｏｓｔｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｈｉｓ               ｏｗｎ,               ｈａｎｄ-ｐｉｃｋｅｄ               ｒｅｐｌａｃｅｍｅｎｔｓ.

Ｅｖｅｎｔｕａｌｌｙ,               ｈｉｓ               ｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ               ａｓ               Ｓｅｃｒｅｔａｒｙ-Ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ＣＰＹ               ｗａｓ               ｒａｔｉｆｉｅｄ               ｏｆｆｉｃｉａｌｌｙ               ｒａｔｉｆｉｅｄ               ｂｙ               105               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               6,000               ＣＰＹ               ｍｅｍｂｅｒｓ               ａｔ               ａ               ｓｅｃｒｅｔ               ｍｅｅｔｉｎｇ               ｉｎ               Ｚａｇｒｅｂ               ｉｎ               1940.
               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｓｅｃｏｎｄ               Ｗｏｒｌｄ               Ｗａｒ
               Ｔｈｅ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａｎ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ               ｗａｓ               ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｄ               ｂｙ               Ｇｅｒｍａｎｙ               ａｎｄ               Ｉｔａｌｙ               ｔｏ               ｊｏｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ａｘｉｓ.

Ｉｎｉｔｉａｌｌｙ,               ｉｔ               ｒｅｓｉｓｔｅｄ,               ｂｕｔ               ｉｔ               ｆｉｎａｌｌｙ               ｔｈｒｅｗ               ｉｎ               ｉｔｓ               ｌｏｔ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               Ａｘｉｓ               ｏｎ               Ｍａｒｃｈ               25,               1941,               ｕｎｄｅｒ               ｄｕｒｅｓｓ.

Ｏｎ               Ｍａｒｃｈ               27ｔｈ,               ｔｈｅ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ               ｗａｓ               ｏｖｅｒｔｈｒｏｗｎ               ｂｙ               ａ               ｐｒｏ-Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ               ｍｉｌｉｔａｒｙ               ｃｏｕｐ               ｉｎ               Ｂｅｌｇｒａｄｅ,               ｔｈｕｓ               ａｂｏｒｔｉｎｇ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ'ｓ               ａｌｌｉａｎｃｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               Ａｘｉｓ.

Ｔｅｎ               ｄａｙｓ               ｌａｔｅｒ,               ｏｎ               Ａｐｒｉｌ               6ｔｈ,               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ               ｗａｓ               ｉｎｖａｄｅｄ               ｂｙ               Ｇｅｒｍａｎ,               Ｈｕｎｇａｒｉａｎ               ａｎｄ               Ｂｕｌｇａｒｉａｎ               ｔｒｏｏｐｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖ               ａｒｍｙ               ｗａｓ               ｖａｎｑｕｉｓｈｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｌｅｓｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｗｏ               ｗｅｅｋｓ,               ｓｕｒｒｅｎｄｅｒｉｎｇ               ｏｎ               Ａｐｒｉｌ               18ｔｈ.
               Ｗｈｅｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ａｘｉｓ               ｉｎｖａｄｅｄ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ               ｉｎ               1941,               Ｓｔａｌｉｎ               ｏｒｄｅｒｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               ＣＰＹ               ｔｏ               ｏｆｆｅｒ               ｎｏ               ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ               ｄｕｅ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               Ｎａｚｉ               -Ｓｏｖｉｅｔ               ｎｏｎ-ａｇｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ               ｐａｃｔ               ｓｉｇｎｅｄ               ｉｎ               Ａｕｇｕｓｔ               1939.

Ｄｅｓｐｉｔｅ               ａｍｐｌｅ               ｗａｒｎｉｎｇ,               Ｓｔａｌｉｎ               ｄｉｄ               ｎｏｔ               ｂｅｌｉｅｖｅ               Ｈｉｔｌｅｒ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ａｔｔａｃｋ               ｈｉｍ.

Ｗｈａｔ               ｈｅ               ｄｉｄ               ｎｏｔ               ｋｎｏｗ               ａｂｏｕｔ               ｔｈｅ               Ａｘｉｓ               ｉｎｃｕｒｓｉｏｎ               ｉｎｔｏ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ               ｗａｓ               ｔｈａｔ               Ｈｉｔｌｅｒ               ｗａｓ               ｓｅｃｕｒｉｎｇ               ｈｉｓ               ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ               ｆｌａｎｋ               ｐｒｉｏｒ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｌａｕｎｃｈｉｎｇ               ｏｆ               Ｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎ               Ｂａｒｂａｒｏｓｓａ,               ｔｈｅ               ｉｍｍｉｎｅｎｔ               ｉｎｖａｓｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ＵＳＳＲ.

Ｗｈｅｎ               Ｇｅｒｍａｎｙ               ａｔｔａｃｋｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               ＵＳＳＲ               ｉｎ               Ｊｕｎｅ               1941,               ｉｔ               ｎｏｗ               ｂｅｃａｍｅ               ａ               ｄｕｔｙ               ｆｏｒ               ａ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｓｔ               ｔｏ               ｄｅｆｅｎｄ               ｈｉｓ               ｍｏｔｈｅｒｌａｎｄ,               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｕｓ,               ｔｈｅ               Ｓｏｖｉｅｔ               Ｕｎｉｏｎ,               ｂｙ               ｆｉｇｈｔｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               Ａｘｉｓ               ｐｏｗｅｒｓ.

Ｔｉｔｏ               ｃａｌｌｅｄ               ａ               ｍｅｅｔｉｎｇ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｃｅｎｔｒａｌ               ｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅ,               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ｎａｍｅｄ               ｈｉｍ               Ｍｉｌｉｔａｒｙ               Ｃｏｍｍａｎｄｅｒ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｐａｒｔｉｓａｎ'ｓ               ｓｔｒｕｇｇｌｅ               ｂｅｇａｎ               ｗｉｔｈ               Ｔｉｔｏ'ｓ               ｃａｌｌ               ｔｏ               ａｒｍｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｏｆ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｌｏｇａｎ,               "Ｄｅａｔｈ               ｔｏ               Ｆａｓｃｉｓｍ,               Ｆｒｅｅｄｏｍ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               Ｐｅｏｐｌｅ!"
               Ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｐｒｉｏｒ               ｏｒｇａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ａｓ               ｕｎｄｅｒｇｒｏｕｎｄ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｓｔ               ｃｅｌｌｓ               ｕｓｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｉｎｇ               ｉｎ               ｓｅｃｒｅｃｙ               ａｎｄ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｔｒｉｃｔｅｓｔ               ｄｉｓｃｉｐｌｉｎｅ               ｍｅａｎｔ               ｔｈａｔ               Ｔｉｔｏ'ｓ               ｐａｒｔｉｓａｎｓ               ｗｅｒｅ               ｖｅｒｙ               ｗｅｌｌ-ｏｒｇａｎｉｚｅｄ               ａｎｄ               ｅｘｔｒｅｍｅｌｙ               ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅ.

Ｔｉｔｏ'ｓ               ａｉｍ               ｗａｓ               ｎｏｔ               ｏｎｌｙ               ｔｏ               ｌｉｂｅｒａｔｅ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ,               ｂｕｔ               ｔｏ               ｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈ               ｔｈｅ               ＣＰＹ               ｉｎ               ｌｉｂｅｒａｔｅｄ               ａｒｅａｓ.

Ｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｒｙ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｓ               ｗｅｒｅ               ｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ               ｉｎ               ａｒｅａｓ               ｔｈｅ               Ｐａｒｔｉｓａｎｓ               ｌｉｂｅｒａｔｅｄ,               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ｆｏｒｅｓｈａｄｏｗｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               ａｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｖｅ               ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ               ｏｆ               ｐｏｓｔ-ｗａｒ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ.
               Ｔｈｅ               ｎｏｎ-ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｓｔ,               ｍｏｓｔｌｙ               Ｓｅｒｂｉａｎ               Ｃｈｅｔｎｉｋｓ               ｗｈｏ               ａｌｓｏ               ｆｏｕｇｈｔ               ａｇａｉｎｓｔ               ｔｈｅ               Ａｘｉｓ               ａｎｄ               ｈａｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ               ｏｆ               ｂｏｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               Ｂｒｉｔｉｓｈ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ               ｉｎ               ｅｘｉｌｅ.

Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,               ｔｈｅｙ               ｗｅｒｅ               ｎｏｔ               ｓｅｅｎ               ａｓ               ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅ               ａｓ               Ｔｉｔｏ'ｓ               Ｐａｒｔｉｓａｎｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ＵＳ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ＵＫ               ｓｗｉｔｃｈｅｄ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               Ｐａｒｔｉｓａｎｓ               ａｆｔｅｒ               ｔｈｅｙ               ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌｌｙ               ｆｏｕｇｈｔ               ｏｆｆ               ｆｅｒｏｃｉｏｕｓ               Ａｘｉｓ               ａｔｔａｃｋｓ               ｆｒｏｍ               Ｊａｎｕａｒｙ               ｔｏ               Ｊｕｎｅ               1943.

Ｔｈｅ               Ｐａｒｔｉｓａｎｓ               ｗｅｒｅ               ｏｆｆｉｃｉａｌｌｙ               ｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅｄ               ａｔ               ｔｈｅ               Ｔｅｈｒａｎ               Ｃｏｎｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ,               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｒｅｓｕｌｔ               ｔｈａｔ               ａｉｄ               ａｎｄ               Ａｌｌｉｅｄ               ｇｕｅｒｒｉｌｌａｓ               ｗｅｒｅ               ｐａｒａｃｈｕｔｅｄ               ｂｅｈｉｎｄ               Ａｘｉｓ               ｌｉｎｅｓ               ｔｏ               ａｓｓｉｓｔ               ｔｈｅｍ.

Ｓｔｉｌｌ,               Ｔｉｔｏ               ｒｅｆｕｓｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ-ｉｎ-ｅｘｉｌｅ               ｉｎ               Ｌｏｎｄｏｎ.
               Ａｆｔｅｒ               ｔｈｅ               Ｆｅｂｒｕａｒｙ               1945               Ｙａｌｔａ               Ｃｏｎｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ,               ａｔ               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓ               ｏｆ               ｐｏｓｔ-ｗａｒ               Ｅｕｒｏｐｅ               ｗｅｒｅ               ａｇｒｅｅｄ               ｕｐｏｎ,               Ｍａｒｓｈａｌ               Ｔｉｔｏ               ｃｏｎｓｏｌｉｄａｔｅｄ               ｈｉｓ               ｐｏｗｅｒ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈａｔ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ＣＰＹ               ｂｙ               ｐｕｒｇｉｎｇ               ｈｉｓ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ               ｏｆ               ｎｏｎ-ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｓｔｓ.

Ｔｉｔｏ               ｓｉｇｎｅｄ               ａｎ               ａｇｒｅｅｍｅｎｔ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               ＵＳＳＲ               ｏｎ               Ａｐｒｉｌ               5,               1945               ｔｈａｔ               ｐｅｒｍｉｔｔｅｄ               "ｔｅｍｐｏｒａｒｙ               ｅｎｔｒｙ               ｏｆ               Ｓｏｖｉｅｔ               ｔｒｏｏｐｓ               ｉｎｔｏ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖ               ｔｅｒｒｉｔｏｒｙ".

Ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｅｌｐ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｒｅｄ               Ａｒｍｙ,               Ｔｉｔｏ'ｓ               Ｐａｒｔｉｓａｎｓ               ｗｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｗａｒ               ａｇａｉｎｓｔ               ｔｈｅ               Ａｘｉｓ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｃｏｌｌａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｓ.

Ｔｉｔｏ               ｔｈｅｎ               ｏｒｄｅｒｅｄ               ｆｏｒｅｉｇｎ               ｔｒｏｏｐｓ               ｏｆｆ               ｏｆ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖ               ｓｏｉｌ               ａｆｔｅｒ               Ｖ-Ｅ               Ｄａｙ,               ａｎｄ               ｔｕｒｎｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｅｌｉｍｉｎａｔｉｎｇ               ｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃ               ｒｉｖａｌｓ,               ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ               ｍｅｍｂｅｒｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌｌｙ               ａｎｔｉ-ｆａｓｃｉｓｔ               Ｃｅｔｎｉｋ               (ｗｈｏ               ｅｖｅｎｔｕａｌｌｙ               ｃｏｌｌａｂｏｒａｔｅｄ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               Ｇｅｒｍａｎｓ               ｔｏ               ｔｒｙ               ｔｏ               ｓｔｏｐ               Ｔｉｔｏ)               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｆａｓｃｉｓｔｉｃ               Ｕｓｔａｓｈｅ,               ｗｈｏ               ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               Ｎａｚｉｓ               ａｓ               ａ               ｖａｓｓａｌ               ｓｔａｔｅ               ｉｎ               Ｃｒｏａｔｉａ.

Ｍｅｍｂｅｒｓ               ｏｆ               ｂｏｔｈ               ｏｒｇａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎｓ               ｗｅｒｅ               ｓｕｍｍａｒｉｌｙ               ｔｒｉｅｄ               ａｎｄ               ｅｘｅｃｕｔｅｄ               ｅｎ               ｍａｓｓｅ.

Ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ               Ｄｒａｇｏｌｊｕｂ               Ｍｉｈａｉｌｏｖｉｃ,               ｔｈｅ               Ｃｅｔｎｉｋ               ｌｅａｄｅｒ,               ｗａｓ               ｅｘｅｃｕｔｅｄ               ｉｎ               Ｂｅｌｇｒａｄｅ               ｉｎ               Ｍａｒｃｈ               1946.
               Ｎａｖｉｇａｔｉｎｇ               Ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｓｃｙｌｌａ               &               Ｃｈａｒｙｂｄｉｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｐｏｓｔ-Ｗａｒ               Ｙｅａｒｓ
               Ｗｉｎｎｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｒｉｇｇｅｄ               Ｎｏｖｅｍｂｅｒ               1945               ｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ,               Ｊｏｓｅｆ               Ｂｒｏｚ               Ｔｉｔｏ               ｉｍｐｏｓｅｄ               ａ               ｎｅｗ               ｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎ               ｏｎ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ.

Ｈｅ               ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒ               ｃｏｎｓｏｌｉｄａｔｅｄ               ｈｉｓ               ｐｏｗｅｒ               ｂｙ               ｏｒｇａｎｉｚｉｎｇ               ａ               ｓｔｒｏｎｇ               ａｒｍｙ               ａｎｄ               ａ               ｓｅｃｒｅｔ               ｐｏｌｉｃｅ               ｆｏｒｃｅ               (ｔｈｅ               ＵＤＢＡ),               ｂｏｔｈ               ｏｆ               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ｗｅｒｅ               ｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌｌｙ               ｌｏｙａｌ               ｔｏ               ｈｉｍ.
               Ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｏｓｔ-ｗａｒ               ｙｅａｒｓ,               Ｔｉｔｏ               ｕｓｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               ＵＤＢＡ               ｔｏ               ｅｌｉｍｉｎａｔｅ               Ｎａｚｉ               ｃｏｌｌａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｓ.

Ｈｅ               ａｌｓｏ               ｔａｒｇｅｔｅｄ               Ｃａｔｈｏｌｉｃ               ｐｒｉｅｓｔｓ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｏｓｅ               ｗｈｏ               ｈａｄ               ｏｐｐｏｓｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｓｔ-ｌｅｄ               ｗａｒ               ｅｆｆｏｒｔ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｐｕｒｇｅ               ｗａｓ               ｅｘｔｅｎｄｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｏｓｅ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｓｔｓ               ｗｈｏ               ｄｉｄ               ｎｏｔ               ａｇｒｅｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               Ｔｉｔｏ.
               Ｉｎｉｔｉａｌｌｙ,               ｔｈｅ               ｅｃｏｎｏｍｙ               ａｎｄ               ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ               ｗｅｒｅ               ｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｉｖｉｚｅｄ               ｉｎ               Ｓｏｖｉｅｔ               ｆａｓｈｉｏｎ,               ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈ               ｈｅ               ｄｉｄ               ｎｏｔ               ｐｕｓｈ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｉｖｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ.

Ｔｉｔｏ               ｂｅｇａｎ               ｔｏ               ｒｅｓｅｎｔ               Ｓｔａｌｉｎ'ｓ               ｃｏｎｓｔａｎｔ               ｍｅｄｄｌｉｎｇ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｈｉｓ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ               ａｎｄ               ｈｉｓ               ｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ               ｏｎ               ｈｏｗ               Ｔｉｔｏ               ｓｈｏｕｌｄ               ｒｕｎ               ｈｉｓ               ｅｃｏｎｏｍｙ.

Ｏｎ               ｈｉｓ               ｐａｒｔ,               Ｓｔａｌｉｎ               ｗａｓ               ｕｎｈａｐｐｙ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｗｈａｔ               ｈｅ               ｐｅｒｃｅｉｖｅｄ               ａｓ               ａｎ               ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ               ｆｏｒｅｉｇｎ               ｐｏｌｉｃｙ               ｔｈａｔ               ｗａｓ               ｏｕｔ               ｏｆ               ｓｙｎｃ               ｗｉｔｈ               Ｍｏｓｃｏｗ.

Ｓｔａｌｉｎ               ｔｒｉｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｄｅｐｏｓｅ               Ｔｉｔｏ,               ｂｕｔ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｎｏｔ               ｇｏ               ｓｏ               ｆａｒ               ａｓ               ｔｏ               ｉｎｖａｄｅ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ,               ｗｈｏｓｅ               ｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｏｕｓ               ｔｅｒｒａｉｎ               ｈａｄ               ｈａｍｓｔｒｕｎｇ               Ｈｉｔｌｅｒ'ｓ               ｔｒｏｏｐｓ               ａｎｄ               ｉｄｅａｌ               ｔｅｒｒｉｔｏｒｙ               ｆｏｒ               ｐａｒｔｉｓａｎ               ａｔｔａｃｋｓ               ａｇａｉｎｓｔ               ａｎ               ｏｒｇａｎｉｚｅｄ               ｍｉｌｉｔａｒｙ               ｆｏｒｃｅ.
               Ｔｉｔｏ               ｄｅｎｏｕｎｃｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               Ｓｏｖｉｅｔ               ｐｏｌｉｃｙ               ｏｆ               "...ｕｎｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌ               ｓｕｂｏｒｄｉｎａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｓｍａｌｌ               ｓｏｃｉａｌｉｓｔ               ｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓ               ｔｏ               ｏｎｅ               ｌａｒｇｅ               ｓｏｃｉａｌｉｓｔ               ｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ."               Ｉｎ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ,               Ｓｔａｌｉｎ               ｈａｄ               Ｔｉｔｏ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ＣＰＹ               ｅｘｐｅｌｌｅｄ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｔｈｅ               Ｃｏｍｉｎｔｅｒｎ               ｉｎ               Ｊｕｎｅ               1948.

Ｔｈｅ               ＵＳＳＲ,               ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ               ｔｈｅ               Ｓｏｖｉｅｔ               ｂｌｏｃｋ               Ｃｏｍｍｏｎ               Ｍａｒｋｅｔ               Ｃｏｍｅｃｏｍ,               ｂｏｙｃｏｔｔｅｄ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ.
               Ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｖｅｈｉｃｌｅ               ｏｆ               ＵＤＢＡ,               Ｔｉｔｏ               ｐｕｒｇｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               ＣＰＹ               ｏｆ               ｈａｒｄｃｏｒｅ               Ｓｔａｌｉｎｉｓｔｓ,               ｔｈｏｓｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｃｏｕｌｄ               ｎｏｔ               ｂｅ               "ｒｅｅｄｕｃａｔｅｄ."               Ｈｅ               ｂｅｇａｎ               ｄｅｃｅｎｔｒａｌｉｚｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｃｏｎｏｍｙ,               ｐｕｔｔｉｎｇ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｐｏｗｅｒ               ｉｎｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｈａｎｄｓ               ｏｆ               ｗｏｒｋｅｒｓ'               ｃｏｕｎｃｉｌｓ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅ               ｏｆ               ｗｏｒｋｅｒｓ'               ｓｅｌｆ-ｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔ.

Ｔｏ               ｋｅｅｐ               ｈｉｍｓｅｌｆ               ｉｎ               ｐｏｗｅｒ               ａｎｄ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ               ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ＵＳＳＲ,               ｈｅ               ｔｕｒｎｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               Ｗｅｓｔ               ｆｏｒ               ｆｉｎａｎｃｉａｌ               ａｉｄ.

Ｔｈｅ               Ｇｒｅｅｋ               Ｃｉｖｉｌ               Ｗａｒ               ｓｐｕｔｔｅｒｅｄ               ｏｕｔ               ａｆｔｅｒ               Ｔｉｔｏ               ｓｅａｌｅｄ               ｏｆｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｏｒｄｅｒ               ｗｉｔｈ               Ｇｒｅｅｃｅ,               ｄｅｎｙｉｎｇ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｓｔ               ｉｎｆｉｌｔｒａｔｏｒｓ               ｅｇｒｅｓｓ               ｉｎｔｏ               Ｇｒｅｅｃｅ.
               Ａｆｔｅｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｄｅａｔｈ               ｏｆ               Ｓｔａｌｉｎ               ｉｎ               Ｍａｒｃｈ               5,               1953,               Ｔｉｔｏ               ａｔｔｅｍｐｔｅｄ               ａ               ｒｅｃｏｎｃｉｌｉａｔｉｏｎ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               ＵＳＳＲ,               ｍｅｅｔｉｎｇ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｎｅｗ               ＣＰＳＵ               ｐａｒｔｙ               ｂｏｓｓ               Ｎｉｋｉｔａ               Ｋｈｒｕｓｈｃｈｅｖ               ｉｎ               Ｂｅｌｇｒａｄｅ               ｉｎ               1955.

Ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｅｔｉｎｇ               ｒｅｓｕｌｔｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｂｅｌｇｒａｄｅ               Ｄｅｃｌａｒａｔｉｏｎ,               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ａｆｆｉｒｍｅｄ               ｅｑｕａｌｉｔｙ               ｉｎ               ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓ               ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｓｔ               ｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓ               (ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｃａｓｅ               ｏｆ               Ｈｕｎｇａｒｙ               ｉｎ               1956               ａｎｄ               Ｃｚｅｃｈｏｓｌｏｖａｋｉａ               ｉｎ               1968,               ｔｈａｔ               ｅｑｕａｌｉｔｙ               ｗａｓ               ｏｂｓｅｒｖｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｒｅａｃｈ               ｒａｔｈｅｒ               ｔｈａｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｏｂｓｅｒｖａｎｃｅ).
               Ｆｒｅｅｄ               ｔｏ               ａ               ｄｅｇｒｅｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｓｏｖｉｅｔ               ｔｈｒｅａｔ,               Ｔｉｔｏ'ｓ               ｐｏｌｉｃｙ               ｏｆ               "ｎｏｎ-ｅｎｇａｇｅｍｅｎｔ"               ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ               ｉｎｔｏ               ａ               ｐｏｌｉｃｙ               ｏｆ               "ｎｏｎａｌｉｇｎｍｅｎｔ."               Ｈｅ               ｏｖｅｒｈａｕｌｅｄ               ｈｉｓ               ｆｏｒｅｉｇｎ               ｐｏｌｉｃｙ               ｔｏ               ｐｒｏｍｏｔｅ               ａ               ｎｏｎ-ａｌｉｇｎｅｄ               ｂｌｏｃ               ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｗｅｓｔ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               Ｗａｒｓａｗ               Ｐａｃｔ.

Ｃｏｎｖｅｎｉｎｇ               ａ               ｍｅｅｔｉｎｇ               ｏｆ               25               ｎｏｎ-ａｌｉｇｎｅｄ               ｓｔａｔｅｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               Ｉｎｄｉａ'ｓ               Ｎｅｈｒｕ               ａｎｄ               Ｅｇｙｐｔ'ｓ               Ｎａｓｓｅｒ               ｉｎ               1956,               ａ               ｔｈｉｒｄ,               ａｌｔｅｒｎａｔｉｖｅ               ｎｅｕｔｒａｌ               ｂｌｏｃ               ｃａｍｅ               ｉｎｔｏ               ｂｅｉｎｇ.

Ｔｉｔｏ               ｔｒａｖｅｌｅｄ               ｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｌｙ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇ               ｗｏｒｌｄ               ｄｕｒｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               1960'ｓ               ａｎｄ               1970'ｓ               ｔｏ               ｐｒｏｍｏｔｅ               ｎｏｎ-ａｌｉｇｎｍｅｎｔ.
               Ｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃ               ｆｒｏｎｔ,               Ｔｉｔｏ               ｍａｉｎｔａｉｎｅｄ               ａ               ｂａｌａｎｃｅ               ａｍｏｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ               ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｉｔｉｅｓ               ｏｆ               ｈｉｓ               ｐｏｌｙｇｌｏｔ               ｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ.

Ｉｔ               ｅｎｓｕｒｅｄ               ｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙ               ｆｏｒ               ａｓ               ｌｏｎｇ               ａｓ               ｔｈｅ               ＣＰＹ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｅｃｒｅｔ               ｐｏｌｉｃｅ               ｍａｉｎｔａｉｎｅｄ               ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ               ｏｆ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ.

Ｔｉｔｏ'ｓ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ               ｏｆ               "ｓｙｍｍｅｔｒｉｃａｌ               ｆｅｄｅｒａｌｉｓｍ,"               ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｐｒｅｄｉｃａｔｅｄ               ｕｐｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅ               ｏｆ               ｅｑｕａｌｉｔｙ               ａｍｏｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｉｘ               ｒｅｐｕｂｌｉｃｓ               ａｎｄ               ｔｗｏ               ａｕｔｏｎｏｍｏｕｓ               ｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅｓ,               ｉｎ               ｆａｃｔ               ｐｌａｙｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｉｔｉｅｓ               ｏｆｆ               ａｇａｉｎｓｔ               ｅａｃｈ               ｏｔｈｅｒ.
               Ｈｉｓ               ｔｉｅｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               Ｗｅｓｔ               ｅｎｃｏｕｒａｇｅｄ               ｔｒａｄｅ,               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ｈｅｌｐｅｄ               ｂｏｏｓｔ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ'ｓ               ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄ               ｏｆ               ｌｉｖｉｎｇ.

Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ'ｓ               ｂｅａｃｈｅｓ               ｂｅｃａｍｅ               ａ               ｔｏｐ               ｔｏｕｒｉｓｔ               ｄｅｓｔｉｎａｔｉｏｎ               ｆｏｒ               Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ               Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎ               ｔｏｕｒｉｓｔｓ,               ｄｕｅ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｂｅａｕｔｙ,               ｔｈｅ               ｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅ               ｏｐｅｎｎｅｓｓ               ｏｆ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖ               ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ               ａｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｆａｖｏｒａｂｌｅ               ｅｘｃｈａｎｇｅ               ｒｉｇｈｔ,               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ｍａｄｅ               ａｎ               ｅｘｃｕｒｓｉｏｎ               ｔｏ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ               ｖｅｒｙ               ａｆｆｏｒｄａｂｌｅ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｅｃｏｎｏｍｙ               ｏｆ               ｓｏｍｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａｎ               ｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅｓ,               ｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｌｙ               Ｃｒｏａｔｉａ               ａｎｄ               Ｓｌｏｖｅｎｉａ,               ｔｈｒｉｖｅｄ               ｄｕｒｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               Ｃｏｌｄ               Ｗａｒ.
               Ｐｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔ-ｆｏｒ-Ｌｉｆｅ
               Ｍａｒｓｈａｌ               Ｊｏｓｅｆ               Ｂｒｏｚ               Ｔｉｔｏ               ｗａｓ               ｓｔｙｌｅｄ               Ｐｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔ-ｆｏｒ-Ｌｉｆｅ               ｉｎ               1974.

Ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｈｅ               ａｌｌｏｗｅｄ               ａ               ｆｒｅｅｒ               ｅｘｃｈａｎｇｅ               ｏｆ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ａｎｄ               ｉｄｅａｓ               ｔｈａｎ               ｍｏｓｔ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｓｔ               ｂｌｏｃ,               ｔｈｅ               ｍａｊｏｒ               ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｈｉｓ               ｒｅｇｉｍｅ               ｒｅｍａｉｎｅｄ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ               ｓｕｒｖｉｖｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｄｅａｔｈ               ｏｆ               Ｔｉｔｏ.

Ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ               ａ               ｓｔｒｏｎｇｍａｎ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｏｎｏｐｏｌｙ               ｏｎ               ｐｏｗｅｒ               ｅｎｊｏｙｅｄ               ｂｙ               ｔｈｅ               ＣＰＹ,               ｂａｃｋｅｄ               ｕｐ               ｂｙ               ｔｈｅ               Ａｒｍｙ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｅｃｒｅｔ               ｐｏｌｉｃｅ,               ｗｏｕｌｄ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ               ｒｅｍａｉｎ               ａ               ｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ?
               Ｊｏｓｅｆ               Ｂｒｏｚ               Ｔｉｔｏ               ｄｉｅｄ               ｏｎ               Ｍａｙ               4,               1980               ｉｎ               ａ               ｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌ               ｉｎ               Ｌｕｂｌｊａｎａ,               Ｓｌｏｖｅｎｉａ,               ａｆｔｅｒ               ｂｅｉｎｇ               ｇｒａｖｅｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｆｏｒ               ａｌｍｏｓｔ               ｆｏｕｒ               ｍｏｎｔｈｓ.

Ｈｅ               ｗａｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｌａｓｔ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｗｏｒｌｄ               Ｗａｒ               ＩＩ               ｌｅａｄｅｒｓ               ｔｏ               ｌｅａｖｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｗｏｒｌｄ               ｓｔａｇｅ,               ｈａｖｉｎｇ               ｏｕｔｌｉｖｅｄ               ｈｉｓ               ｐａｔｒｏｎ               ｔｈｅｎ               ｎｅｍｅｓｉｓ               Ｊｏｓｅｆ               Ｓｔａｌｉｎ               ｂｙ               ａｌｍｏｓｔ               30               ｙｅａｒｓ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ               ｔｈａｔ               ｈｅ               ｋｅｐｔ               ｔｏｇｅｔｈｅｒ               ｄｉｄ               ｎｏｔ               ｏｕｔｌｉｖｅ               ｈｉｍ               ｂｙ               ｍｕｃｈ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｔｈａｎ               ａ               ｄｅｃａｄｅ.

Ｃｒｏａｔｉａｎ               ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｉｓｔｓ               ｗｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｉｒｓｔ               ｆｒｅｅ               ｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ               ｉｎ               Ａｐｒｉｌ               ａｎｄ               Ｍａｙ               1990,               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｃｅ               ｏｆ               Ｃｒｏａｔｉａ               ｗａｓ               ｐｒｏｃｌａｉｍｅｄ               ｏｎ               Ｊｕｎｅ               25,               1991,               ｔｏｕｃｈｉｎｇ               ｏｆｆ               ａ               ｓｅｒｉｅｓ               ｏｆ               ｃｉｖｉｌ               ｗａｒｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｌｅｆｔ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ               ａ               ｒｕｍｐ               ｏｆ               Ｓｅｒｂｉａ               ａｎｄ               Ｍｏｎｔｅｎｅｇｒｏ.
               Ｂｙ               1992,               ａｆｔｅｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｅｃｅｓｓｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               Ｂｏｓｎｉａ               &               Ｈｅｒｚｅｇｏｖｉｎａ,               Ｃｒｏａｔｉａ,               Ｍａｃｅｄｏｎｉａ,               ａｎｄ               Ｓｌｏｖｅｎｉａ,               Ｓｅｒｂｉａ               ａｎｄ               Ｍｏｎｔｅｎｅｇｒｏ               ｄｅｃｌａｒｅｄ               ｔｈｅｍｓｅｌｖｅｓ               ｔｈｅ               Ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ               Ｒｅｐｕｂｌｉｃ               ｏｆ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ.

Ｔｈａｔ               ａｒｒａｎｇｅｍｅｎｔ               ｗａｓ               ｒｅｐｌａｃｅｄ               ｂｙ               ａ               ｗｅａｋｅｒ               ｃｏｎｆｅｄｅｒａｔｉｏｎ               ｃａｌｌｅｄ               Ｓｅｒｂｉａ               ａｎｄ               Ｍｏｎｔｅｎｅｇｒｏ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ               ｋｎｏｗｎ               ａｓ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ               ｃｅａｓｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｅｘｉｓｔ,               ｏｆｆｉｃｉａｌｌｙ,               ｏｎ               Ｆｅｂｒｕａｒｙ               4,               2003,               ｂｙ               ｏｒｄｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖ               Ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ               Ｐａｒｌｉａｍｅｎｔ.
               Ｍｏｎｔｅｎｅｇｒｏ               ｖｏｔｅｄ               ｉｎ               ａ               Ｍａｙ               21,               2006               ｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｄｕｍ               ｔｏ               ｂｅｃｏｍｅ               ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ               ｏｆ               Ｓｅｒｂｉａ,               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ               ｏｆ               Ｍｏｎｔｅｎｅｇｒｏ               ｄｅｃｌａｒｅｄ               ｉｔｓｅｌｆ               ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ.

Ｓｅｒｂｉａ               ａｌｓｏ               ｄｅｃｌａｒｅｄ               ｉｔｓ               ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｃｅ,               ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ               ｅｎｄｉｎｇ               ａｎｙ               ｔｒａｃｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｏｒｍｅｒ               Ｙｕｇｏｓｌａｖｉａ               ｔｈａｔ               Ｊｏｓｅｆ               Ｂｒｏｚ               Ｔｉｔｏ               ｈａｄ               ｏｖｅｒｓｅｅｎ               ａｓ               ｔｈｅ               Ｓｔｒｏｎｇｍａｎ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｂａｌｋａｎｓ               ｆｏｒ               36               ｙｅａｒｓ.

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About 'interior designers london'|Inspiring London Interior

Ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ               ｍａｎｉｆｅｓｔｓ               ａｓ               ａｎ               ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｃｒｅａｔｉｖｉｔｙ               ａｎｄ               ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ.

Ｉｔ               ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｓ               ａ               ｍａｐ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｅａｒｔｈ               ｏｆ               ａｒｔｉｓｔｉｃ               ｓｔｙｌｅｓ               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ｈａｖｅ               ａｒｉｓｅｎ               ａｎｄ               ｈｏｗ               ｔｈｅｙ               ｈａｖｅ               ｅｖｏｌｖｅｄ               ｏｖｅｒ               ｔｉｍｅ.

Ｐｅｒｍａｎｅｎｔ               ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓ               ｓｅｒｖｅ               ａｓ               ｒｅｍｉｎｄｅｒｓ               ｏｆ               ｈｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌ               ｅｖｅｎｔｓ,               ａｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ               ｕｓ               ｔｏ               ｒｅｆｌｅｃｔ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｐａｓｔ               ａｎｄ               ｍａｋｅ               ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ａ               ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｗｅ               ｍａｙ               ｈａｖｅ               ｎｅｖｅｒ               ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｄ.

Ｆｒｏｍ               ａｐｐｒｅｃｉａｔｉｎｇ               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ               ｗｅ               ｃａｎ               ｇａｉｎ               ｉｎｓｉｇｈｔｓ               ｉｎｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｅｅｄｓ               ａｎｄ               ｉｄｅａｌｓ               ｏｆ               ａ               ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ               ａｎｄ               ｈｏｗ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｑｕｉｌｉｂｒｉｕｍ               ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ               ａｅｓｔｈｅｔｉｃｓ               ａｎｄ               ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｓ               ｉｓ               ｓｈｉｆｔｅｄ.

Ａｎ               ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ               ｏｆ               ｈｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌ               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ               ｃａｎ               ｔｅｌｌ               ｕｓ               ａｂｏｕｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｈｕｍａｎｉｔｙ,               ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ               ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇ               ｔｏｄａｙ'ｓ               ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ               ａｓ               ｗｅｌｌ               ａｓ               ｍａｋｉｎｇ               ｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｉｏｎｓ               ａｂｏｕｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｕｔｕｒｅ               ｆｏｒ               ｏｕｒ               ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ.

Ｉｎ               ａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎ               ｔｏ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｓ               ｏｆ               ａ               ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ,               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ               ｃｏｕｌｄ               ａｌｓｏ               ｈａｖｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ               ｔｏ               ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ               ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ.

Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｈｏｉｃｅ               ｏｆ               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒａｌ               ｓｔｙｌｅ               ｔｏｄａｙ               ｍａｙ               ｈａｖｅ               ｃｏｎｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｙ               ｗｅ               ｃｈｏｏｓｅ               ａｎｄ               ｗｈａｔ               ｔｙｐｅ               ｏｆ               ｆｏｃｕｓ               ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ               ｗｉｌｌ               ａｄｏｐｔ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｕｔｕｒｅ.

Ｄｅｓｉｇｎｅｒｓ               ａｎｄ               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｓ               ｈａｖｅ               ａ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｉｂｉｌｉｔｙ               ｔｏ               ｉｎｓｐｉｒｅ               ａｒｔｉｓｔｉｃ               ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ               ｉｎ               ｈｕｍａｎ               ｂｅｉｎｇｓ               ｗｈｏ               ａｒｅ               ｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｌｙ               ｃｒｅａｔｉｖｅ               ｅｖｅｎ               ｉｎ               ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ.

Ｌｉｖｉｎｇ               ａｎｄ               ｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ               ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｓ               ｎｅｅｄ               ｎｏｔ               ｏｎｌｙ               ｔｏ               ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅ               ａ               ｐｒａｃｔｉｃａｌ               ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ               ｂｕｔ               ａｌｓｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ               ｍｏｔｉｖａｔｉｏｎ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｏｓｅ               ｗｈｏ               ｉｎｈａｂｉｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｓ               ｔｏ               ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍ               ｏｐｔｉｍａｌｌｙ.

Ｃｈａｒｌｅｓ-Ｅｄｏｕａｒｄ               Ｊｅａｎｎｅｒｅｔ'ｓ               (Ｌｅ               Ｃｏｒｂｕｓｉｅｒ)               ｎｏｗ               ｆａｍｏｕｓ               ｃｏｍｍｅｎｔ               ｔｈａｔ               "ａ               ｈｏｕｓｅ               ｉｓ               ａ               ｍａｃｈｉｎｅ               ｆｏｒ               ｌｉｖｉｎｇ               ｉｎ"               ｈａｓ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｃｒｉｔｉｃｉｓｅｄ               ｆｏｒ               ｉｔｓ               ｄｉｓｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｏｎ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｈｕｍａｎｉｔｙ,               ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈ               ｈｉｓ               ｍａｉｎ               ｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｓ               ｗｅｒｅ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ａｎｄ               ｃｏｍｆｏｒｔ               ｏｆ               ｈｕｍａｎｓ.

Ｐｅｒｈａｐｓ               ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｒｅａｔｉｖｉｔｙ               ｏｆ               ｈｕｍａｎｉｔｙ               ｔｈａｔ               ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄ               ｉｎｓｕｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔ               ｆｏｃｕｓ.

Ｕｎｆｏｒｔｕｎａｔｅｌｙ               ａｅｓｔｈｅｔｉｃｓ               ｏｆ               ｍａｎｙ               ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄ               ｏｎ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｈｉｓ               ｐｕｒｉｓｔ               ｄｅｓｉｇｎｓ               ｗｅｒｅ               ｎｏｔ               ｉｎ               ｌｉｎｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ               ａｎｄ               ａｅｓｔｈｅｔｉｃ               ｉｄｅａｌｓ.
               Ｆｒｅｎｃｈ               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ               ｗｅｎｔ               ｉｎｔｏ               ａｅｓｔｈｅｔｉｃ               ｄｅｃｌｉｎｅ,               ｄｅｐｅｎｄｉｎｇ               ｏｎ               ｏｎｅ'ｓ               ｐｏｉｎｔ               ｏｆ               ｖｉｅｗ,               ａｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｅｇｉｎｎｉｎｇ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｔｗｅｎｔｉｅｔｈ               ｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ.

Ｏｔｈｅｒ               ｎｏｔａｂｌｅ               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｄａｙ               ｓｕｃｈ               ａｓ               Ｆｒａｎｃｏｉｓ               Ｈｅｎｎｅｂｉｑｕｅ,               Ａｕｇｕｓｔｅ               Ｐｅｒｒｅｔ               ａｎｄ               Ｔｏｎｙ               Ｇａｒｎｉｅｒ               ｌｅｆｔ               ｂｅｈｉｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ａｒｔｉｓａｎａｌ               ｃｒｅａｔｉｖｉｔｙ               ｏｆ               Ｇｏｔｈｉｃ,               Ｒｅｎａｉｓｓａｎｃｅ               ａｎｄ               Ｃｌａｓｓｉｃ               ａｒｔ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｃｏｎｃｒｅｔｅ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｅｇｉｎｎｉｎｇｓ               ｏｆ               ｍｏｄｅｒｎ               ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ.
               Ｌｅ               Ｃｏｒｂｕｓｉｅｒ'ｓ               ｖｉｓｉｏｎ               ｔｏ               ｃｒｅａｔｅ               ｒａｄｉａｎｔ               ｃｉｔｉｅｓ               ｌｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｎｅｗ               ｃｌｅａｎｅｒ               ｆｏｒｍｓ               ａｎｄ               ａｉｒｙ               ａｎｄ               ｂｒｉｇｈｔ               ｉｎｔｅｒｉｏｒｓ               ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｏｕｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｔｗｅｎｔｉｅｔｈ               ｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ.

Ｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅ'ｓ               ｏｆ               ｈｉｓ               ｐｕｒｉｓｔ               ｃｌａｓｓｉｃ               ｄｅｓｉｇｎｓ               ａｒｅ               ｅｖｉｄｅｎｔ               ｉｎ               ｔｏｄａｙ'ｓ               ｍｏｄｅｒｎ               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ.

Ｃｉｔｉｅｓ               ｃｏｍｐｒｉｓｅｄ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｒｅｃｔｉｌｉｎｅａｒ               Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｓｔｙｌｅ               ｍａｙ               ｂｅ               ｐｅｒｃｅｉｖｅｄ               ｂｙ               ｓｏｍｅ               ａｓ               ｃｌｅａｎ,               ｂｒｉｇｈｔ               ａｎｄ               ｈｅａｌｔｈｙ,               ｏｒ               ｓｔａｒｋ,               ｓｔｅｒｉｌｅ               ａｎｄ               ｅｍｐｔｙ               ｂｙ               ｏｔｈｅｒｓ.

Ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｃｏｕｎｃｉｌ               ｅｓｔａｔｅｓ               ｓｕｃｈ               ａｓ               ｔｈｏｓｅ               ａｔ               Ｒｏｅｈａｍｐｔｏｎ               ｉｎ               Ｓｕｒｒｅｙ               ｓｏｌｖｅｄ               ｐｏｓｔ-ｗａｒ               ａｃｃｏｍｍｏｄａｔｉｏｎ               ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ,               ｔｈｅｙ               ｃｒｅａｔｅｄ               ａ               ｓｅｎｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｐａｃｋａｇｉｎｇ               ａｗａｙ               ｈｕｍａｎｓ               ａｓ               ｉｆ               ｆｒｏｍ               ａ               ｎｅｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｔｉｄｙ               ｕｐ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ               ｉｎ               ｓｔｏｒａｇｅ-ｌｉｋｅ               ｆａｃｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ.

Ｓｕｂｓｅｑｕｅｎｔｌｙ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｌｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｓ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｔｈｅ               1960'ｓ               ｏｎｗａｒｄｓ               ａｐｐｅａｒｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｅｘｉｓｔ               ｄｅｓｐｉｔｅ               ｎａｔｕｒｅ               ａｎｄ               ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ               ｒａｔｈｅｒ               ｔｈａｎ               ｉｎ               ｈａｒｍｏｎｙ.

Ｔｈｉｓ               ｓｔｙｌｅ               ｅｘｐａｎｄｅｄ               ｇｌｏｂａｌｌｙ               ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ               ａｎｙ               ｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌ               ｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ               ｏｒ               ｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ               ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｏｎ.

Ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｉｔｙ,               ｕｎｉｑｕｅｎｅｓｓ               ａｎｄ               ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ               ｈａｄ               ｄｉｓａｐｐｅａｒｅｄ.
               Ｂｙ               ｃｏｎｔｒａｓｔ               ｔｗｅｎｔｉｅｔｈ               ｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ               ｈａｓ               ｎｏｔ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｃｏｎｆｉｎｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｐｕｒｅｌｙ               ｍｏｄｅｒｎ               ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ.

Ｗｅ'ｖｅ               ｓｅｅｎ               ａ               Ｇｏｔｈｉｃ               ｒｅｖｉｖａｌ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｉｎｅｔｅｅｎｔｈ               ｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ               ｅａｒｌｙ               ｔｗｅｎｔｉｅｔｈ               ｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｎｅｏ-ｇｏｔｈｉｃ               ｅｘａｍｐｌｅｓ               ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ               Ｒａｙｍｏｎｄ               Ｈｏｏｄ               ａｎｄ               Ｊｏｈｎ               Ｈｏｗｅｌｌ'ｓ               Ｃｈｉｃａｇｏ               Ｔｒｉｂｕｎｅ               Ｔｏｗｅｒ               ｉｎ               1924               ａｎｄ               Ｃａｓｓ               Ｇｉｌｂｅｒｔ'ｓ               Ｗｏｏｌｗｏｒｔｈ               ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇ               ｉｎ               Ｎｅｗ               Ｙｏｒｋ               ｉｎ               1913               (Ｃｒａｖｅｎ               2008).
               Ａｐａｒｔ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｒｅｖｉｖａｌｓ               ｗｅ               ｈａｖｅ               ｓｅｅｎ               ｎｅｗ               ｄｅｃｏｒａｔｉｖｅ               ｓｔｙｌｅｓ               ｓｕｃｈ               ａｓ               ｔｈｅ               Ａｒｔ               Ｎｏｕｖｅａｕ               ａｎｄ               Ａｒｔ               Ｄｅｃｏ               ｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｓ               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ｂｏｒｒｏｗｅｄ               ｄｅｓｉｇｎ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｎａｔｕｒｅ,               ａｎｄ               ａｒｔ               ｄｅｓｉｇｎｓ               ａｎｄ               ｅｘｏｔｉｃ               ｉｃｏｎｓ               ｆｒｏｍ               ａ               ｖａｒｉｅｔｙ               ｏｆ               ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｓ               ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ.

Ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｓ               ｈａｖｅ               ｇｉｖｅｎ               ｕｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｅａｒｌｙ               ｔｗｅｎｔｉｅｔｈ               ｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ               Ｇｌａｓｇｏｗ               Ｓｃｈｏｏｌ               ｏｆ               Ａｒｔ               ｂｙ               Ｃｈａｒｌｅｓ               Ｒｅｎｎｉｅ               Ｍａｃｋｉｎｔｏｓｈ               ｉｎ               1909,               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               Ｒａｄｉｏ               Ｃｉｔｙ               Ｍｕｓｉｃ               Ｈａｌｌ               ｉｎ               Ｎｅｗ               Ｙｏｒｋ               ｂｙ               Ｅｄｗａｒｄ               Ｄｕｒｅｌｌ               Ｓｔｏｎｅ               ｉｎ               1932.
               Ａｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｗｏｒｌｄ               ｅｃｏｎｏｍｙ               ｄｅｃｌｉｎｅｄ               ｓｏ               ｄｉｄ               ｔｈｅ               ａｒｔｉｓｔｉｃ               ｄｅｓｉｇｎ               ｉｎ               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ,               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               Ｓｔｒｅａｍｌｉｎｅ               Ｍｏｄｅｒｎｅ               ｒｏｓｅ               ｔｏ               ｄｏｍｉｎａｎｃｅ               ｄｕｒｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               1930'ｓ               ａｎｄ               1940'ｓ.

Ｔｈｉｓ               ｆｏｌｌｏｗ-ｏｎ               ｓｔｙｌｅ               ｆｒｏｍ               Ａｒｔ               Ｄｅｃｏ               ｉｓ               ｎｏｔｅｄ               ｆｏｒ               ｉｔｓ               ｃｕｒｖｅｄ               ｌｉｎｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｄｉｍｉｎｉｓｈｉｎｇ               ｄｅｃｏｒａｔｉｖｅ               ｄｅｔａｉｌ               ｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｅｘａｍｐｌｅｓ               ｓｕｃｈ               ａｓ               Ｏｌｉｖｅｒ               Ｈｉｌｌ'ｓ               ｎｅｗ               Ｍｉｄｌａｎｄ               Ｈｏｔｅｌ               ｉｎ               Ｍｏｒｃａｍｂｅ,               Ｅｎｇｌａｎｄ               ｉｎ               1932,               ｔｈｅ               Ｖｉｃｔｏｒｉａ               Ｃｏａｃｈ               Ｓｔａｔｉｏｎ               ｉｎ               Ｌｏｎｄｏｎ,               ｔｈｅ               1937               Ｂａｔｈｅｒ'ｓ               Ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇ,               ｎｏｗ               ｔｈｅ               Ｓａｎ               Ｆｒａｎｃｉｓｃｏ               Ｍａｒｉｔｉｍｅ               Ｍｕｓｅｕｍ,               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               Ｓｙｄｎｅｙ               Ｍｅｔｒｏ               Ｔｈｅａｔｒｅ.

Ｆａｓｃｉｎａｔｉｏｎ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｍａｃｈｉｎｅ               ａｇｅ               ｌｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔ,               ｎｏｔａｂｌｙ               ｍａｒｉｎｅ,               ｂｅｉｎｇ               ａ               ｃｏｍｍｏｎ               ｔｈｅｍｅ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｉｓ               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒａｌ               ｆｏｒｍ.
               Ａｆｔｅｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｗａｒ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｓｔｙｌｅ               ｅｖｏｌｖｅｄ               ｔｏ               Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｓｔｙｌｅ               ａｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｅｃｕｒｓｏｒ               ｔｏ               Ｍｏｄｅｒｎ               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ.

Ｉｓ               ｔｈｉｓ               ａｒｔｉｓｔｉｃ               ｄｅｃｌｉｎｅ               ｓｉｍｐｌｙ               ａ               ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃ               ｈａｒｄｓｈｉｐ               ａｎｄ               ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔ               ｆｏｒ               ｒａｐｉｄ               ｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎ,               ｏｒ               ｉｓ               ｉｔ               ｍｏｒｅ               ａ               ｓｉｇｎ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄ               ｓｐｉｒｉｔｕａｌ               ａｎｄ               ｍｏｒａｌ               ｄｅｃｌｉｎｅ?

Ｏｕｒ               ｖａｌｕｉｎｇ               ｏｆ               ａｒｔ               ｈａｓ               ｇｉｖｅｎ               ｗａｙ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｇｒｅａｔｅｒ               ｖａｌｕｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｗｅ               ｎｏｗ               ｐｌａｃｅ               ｏｎ               ｆｉｎａｎｃｅ               ａｎｄ               ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｓ.

Ｗｅ               ｃａｎ               ｈａｒｄｌｙ               ｂｌａｍｅ               ａｌｌ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｗａｒ               ｓｉｎｃｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｗｏｒｌｄ               ｗａｒｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｔｗｅｎｔｉｅｔｈ               ｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ               ｗｅｒｅ               ｃｅｒｔａｉｎｌｙ               ｎｏｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｉｒｓｔ               ｉｎ               ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ.

Ｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔ               ｔｉｍｅｓ               ｈａｖｅ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｄ               ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｏｕｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｅｎｔｕｒｉｅｓ;               ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｐｅｒｈａｐｓ               ｏｕｒ               ｐｒｉｏｒｉｔｉｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ               ｔｏ               ｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｉｅｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｈａｓ               ｃｈａｎｇｅｄ.
               Ｍｏｄｅｒｎ               ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｓ               ａｒｅ               ｃｈｅａｐｅｒ               ｔｏ               ｄｅｓｉｇｎ               ａｎｄ               ｂｕｉｌｄ,               ａｎｄ               ｆａｓｔｅｒ               ｔｏ               ｅｒｅｃｔ               ｌｅａｄｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｇｒｅａｔｅｒ               ｐｒｏｆｉｔｓ               ａｎｄ               ｈｉｇｈｅｒ               ｔｕｒｎｏｖｅｒ;               ｂｕｔ               ａｔ               ａ               ｈｉｇｈ               ｃｏｓｔ               ｔｏ               ｈｕｍａｎｉｔｙ.

Ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｗｅ,               ｆｏｒ               ｅｘａｍｐｌｅ,               ｐｕｔ               ａ               ｖａｌｕｅ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｌｏｕｖｒｅ               ｔｈｅｎ               ｌａｍｅｎｔ               ｔｈａｔ               ｗｅ               ｃｏｕｌｄ               ｈａｖｅ               ｂｕｉｌｔ               ｔｈｒｅｅ               ｈｕｎｄｒｅｄ               ｍｏｄｅｒｎ               ａｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｌｅｓｓ               ｃｏｓｔ               ａｎｄ               ｉｎ               ａ               ｓｈｏｒｔｅｒ               ｔｉｍｅ               ｐｅｒｉｏｄ?

Ｔｈｅ               ｍｏｓｔ               ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃａｌ               ｗａｙ               ｉｓｎ'ｔ               ｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｉｌｙ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｅｆｅｒｒｅｄ               ｗａｙ.

Ｗｈａｔ               ｍａｒｋ               ｄｏ               ｔｏｄａｙ'ｓ               ａｒｔｉｓｔｓ,               ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｓ,               ｈｏｐｅ               ｔｏ               ｌｅａｖｅ               ｂｅｈｉｎｄ               ａｓ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｌｅｇａｃｙ               ｆｏｒ               ｆｕｔｕｒｅ               ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓ?
               Ｍｏｄｅｒｎｉｓｔｓ               ｃｌａｉｍ               ｔｏ               ｐｕｒｓｕｅ               ｔｉｍｅｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ               ａｎｄ               ｐｅｒｆｅｃｔｉｏｎ.

Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｓ               ａｌｍｏｓｔ               ｓｅｅｍ               ｔｏ               ｈａｖｅ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｃｒｅａｔｅｄ               ａｓ               ｄｉｓｐｏｓａｂｌｅ               ｉｔｅｍｓ,               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｋｉｎｄ               ｏｆ               ｎｏｔｈｉｎｇｎｅｓｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｄｅｓｉｇｎ               ｔｈａｔ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｌｉｍｉｔ               ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ'ｓ               ａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ               ａｎｄ               ａｐｐｒｅｃｉａｔｉｏｎ.

Ｌｉｎｅｓ               ｓｏ               ｐｅｒｆｅｃｔ,               ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｄｅｖｏｉｄ               ｏｆ               ａｒｔ.

Ｓｏ               ｔｉｍｅｌｅｓｓ,               ｉｔ               ｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｓ               ｎｏｔｈｉｎｇ               ａｂｏｕｔ               ｏｕｒ               ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ               ｏｒ               ｅｐｏｃｈ,               ｅｘｃｅｐｔ               ｏｕｒ               ｌｏｓｓ               ｏｆ               ｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔ               ｉｎ               ｄｅｔａｉｌ               ａｎｄ               ｐｒａｇｍａｔｉｃ               ａｐｐｒｏａｃｈ               ｔｏ               ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓ.

Ｅｖｅｒｙｔｈｉｎｇ               ｃｈａｎｇｅｓ               ｏｖｅｒ               ｔｉｍｅ               ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ               ｄｅｓｉｇｎ               ｓｈｏｕｌｄ               ｂｅ               ｅｎｃｏｕｒａｇｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｒｅｆｌｅｃｔ               ｃｈａｎｇｅ               ｏｖｅｒ               ｔｉｍｅ.

Ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｉｓ               ｌｉｔｔｌｅ               ｐｏｉｎｔ               ｉｎ               ｃｒｅａｔｉｎｇ               ｓｏｍｅｔｈｉｎｇ               'ｔｉｍｅｌｅｓｓ',               ｕｎｌｅｓｓ               ｔｈｅ               ａｓｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎ               ｉｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｉｔ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｂｅ               ｄｅｍｏｌｉｓｈｅｄ               ｂｅｆｏｒｅ               ｔｉｍｅ               ｃｈａｎｇｅｓ               ａｇａｉｎ.

Ｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ａｖｏｉｄ               ｔｉｍｅ               ｉｓ               ａ               ｆｕｔｉｌｅ               ｅｘｅｒｃｉｓｅ.

Ｉｔ               ｄｅｍｏｎｓｔｒａｔｅｓ               ａ               ｌａｃｋ               ｏｆ               ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ               ｔｏ               ｎａｔｕｒｅ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｗｏｒｌｄ               ｉｎ               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ｗｅ               ｌｉｖｅ.
               Ａ               ｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｌａｎｄｎｅｓｓ               ｏｆ               ｍｏｄｅｒｎｉｓｍ               ｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｄ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｒｉｓｉｎｇ               ｏｆ               ｐｏｓｔｍｏｄｅｒｎｉｓｍ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｎｅｗ               ａｇｅ               ｉｎｃｌｉｎａｔｉｏｎｓ               ｏｆ               ｏｕｒ               ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ               ｔｏ               ｉｎｄｕｌｇｅ               ｉｎ               ｎａｖｅｌ-ｇａｚｉｎｇ               ａｎｄ               ｓｙｍｂｏｌｉｓｍ               ｒｅｓｕｌｔｅｄ               ｉｎ               ａ               ｄｉｖｅｒｓｅ               ａｒｒａｙ               ｏｆ               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒａｌ               ｓｔｙｌｅｓ.

Ｍａｋｉｎｇ               ａ               ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔ               ｓｕｄｄｅｎｌｙ               ｂｅｃａｍｅ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ               ｔｈａｎ               ａｅｓｔｈｅｔｉｃｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｉｓ               ｅｖｉｄｅｎｔ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｏｐｕｌｉｓｔ               ｗｏｒｋｓ               ｏｆ               Ｖｅｎｔｕｒｉ               ａｎｄ               Ｓｃｏｔｔ               Ｂｒｏｗｎ.

Ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｗａｎｔｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｐｕｔ               ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｉｔｙ               ｂａｃｋ               ｉｎｔｏ               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ               ｉｔ               ｗａｓ               ａｓ               ｉｆ               ｔｈｅｙ               ｄｉｓｒｅｇａｒｄｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｄｅｃｏｒａｔｉｖｅ               ａｒｔｓ,               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ｔｈｅｙ               ｖｉｅｗｅｄ               ａｓ               ｓｕｐｅｒｆｉｃｉａｌ,               ｉｎ               ｆａｖｏｕｒ               ｏｆ               ｂａｎａｌ               ｄｅｓｉｇｎ               ｔｈａｔ               ｓｅｅｋｓ               ｉｎｔｅｒｐｒｅｔａｔｉｏｎ               ｉｎ               ｗｈａｔ               ｉｓ               ｎｏｔ               ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ,               ｏｒ               ｈｉｄｄｅｎ,               ｒａｔｈｅｒ               ｔｈａｎ               ｗｈａｔ               ｉｓ               ｖｉｓｕａｌｌｙ               ｅｖｉｄｅｎｔ.

Ｐｅｒｃｅｉｖｉｎｇ               ｄｅｃｏｒａｔｉｖｅ               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ               ａｓ               ｓｕｐｅｒｆｉｃｉａｌ               ｃｏｕｌｄ               ｂｅ               ｓｅｅｎ               ａｓ               ｓｏｍｅｗｈａｔ               ｏｆ               ａ               ｃｏｎｔｒａｄｉｃｔｉｏｎ               ｓｉｎｃｅ               ｄｅｃｏｒａｔｉｖｅ               ｄｅｓｉｇｎ               ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｓ               ａ               ｃｒｅａｔｉｖｅ               ｓｏｕｌ.

Ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｃｕｒｉｏｕｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ               ｗａｓ               ｕｎａｂｌｅ               ｏｒ               ｕｎｗｉｌｌｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ａｐｐｒｅｃｉａｔｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｏｓｓｉｂｉｌｉｔｙ               ｏｆ               ｉｎｔｅｒｐｒｅｔａｔｉｏｎ               ｕｓｉｎｇ               ｄｅｃｏｒａｔｉｖｅ               ｄｅｓｉｇｎｓ               ｏｒ               ｅｖｅｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ               ｆｏｒ               ｒｅｉｎｔｅｒｐｒｅｔａｔｉｏｎ,               ｉｎｓｔｅａｄ               ｆｏｃｕｓｉｎｇ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               'ｕｇｌｙ               ａｎｄ               ｏｒｄｉｎａｒｙ'.

Ａｆｔｅｒ               ａｌｌ,               ｆｒｏｍ               ｔｈｅ               1960'ｓ               ｗｅ               ｈａｖｅ               ｈａｄ               ｔｈｉｓ               ａｗａｒｅｎｅｓｓ               ｏｆ               ｒｅｉｎｔｅｒｐｒｅｔａｔｉｏｎ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｔｈｅ               ｗｒｉｔｉｎｇｓ               ｏｆ               Ｒｏｌａｎｄ               Ｂａｒｔｈｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｏｔｈｅｒｓ.

Ｐｅｒｈａｐｓ               ｗｅ               ｈａｖｅ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｉｎｔｅｒｐｒｅｔｉｎｇ               ｈｕｍａｎｉｔｙ               ｆｒｏｍ               ａ               ｍｕｎｄａｎｅ               ａｎｄ               ｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅ               ｐｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅ.
               Ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ               ｈａｓ               ｒｅａｃｔｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｌａｃｋ               ｏｆ               ａｅｓｔｈｅｔｉｃ               ａｐｐｅａｌ               ｏｆ               ｐｏｓｔｍｏｄｅｒｎ               ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ               ｂｙ               ｒｅｖｅｒｔｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｓ               ｏｆ               ｍｏｄｅｒｎｉｓｍ.

Ｐｅｒｈａｐｓ               ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ａ               ｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎａｒｙ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｉｄｅｏｕｓ               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               1970'ｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｓｅｅｍｓ               ｔｏ               ｈａｖｅ               ａｌｒｅａｄｙ               ｐａｓｓｅｄ               ｉｔｓ               ｕｓｅ-ｂｙ               ｄａｔｅ.

Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,               ｔｈｅ               ａｂｓｅｎｃｅ               ｏｆ               ｕｇｌｉｎｅｓｓ               ｉｓ               ｓｔｉｌｌ               ｓｅｅｎ               ａｓ               ｐｒｅｆｅｒａｂｌｅ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｅｓｅｎｃｅ               ｏｆ               ｂｅａｕｔｙ.

Ｓｕｃｈ               ａ               ｒｅｖｅｒｓｉｏｎ               ｔｏ               ａ               ｆｏｒｍｕｌａ               ｌａｃｋｉｎｇ               ｉｎ               ａｒｔｉｓｔｉｃ               ｃｒｅａｔｉｖｉｔｙ               ｉｓ               ｐｅｒｈａｐｓ               ａ               ｓｉｇｎ               ｏｆ               ｃｒｅａｔｉｖｅ               ｅｘｈａｕｓｔｉｏｎ               ｉｎ               ｏｕｒ               ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ,               ａｎ               ｕｎｃｅｒｔａｉｎｔｙ               ｏｆ               ｏｕｒ               ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｙ               ａｎｄ               ａｐｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｕｔｕｒｅ.
               Ｗｈａｔｅｖｅｒ               ｗｅ               ｃｒｅａｔｅ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｉｎ               ｓｏｍｅ               ｗａｙ               ｂｅ               ａ               ｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｏｕｒ               ｔｉｍｅ               ａｎｄ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ               'ｄａｔｅ',               ｓｏ               ｗｅ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｄｏ               ｂｅｔｔｅｒ               ｔｏ               ｃｒｅａｔｅ               ｓｏｍｅｔｈｉｎｇ               ｗｏｒｔｈ               ｌｏｏｋｉｎｇ               ａｔ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｐｒｉｄｅ.

Ｇｏｔｈｉｃ,               Ｒｅｎａｉｓｓａｎｃｅ,               Ｃｌａｓｓｉｃ,               Ａｒｔ               Ｎｏｕｖｅａｕ               ａｎｄ               Ａｒｔ               Ｄｅｃｏ               ｓｔｙｌｅｓ               ａｒｅ               ａｌｌ               ｄａｔｅｄ               ｙｅｔ               ｔｈｅｙ               ａｒｅ               ｓｔｉｌｌ               ａｄｍｉｒｅｄ               ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ               ｔｈｅｙ               ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅ               ｂｅａｕｔｉｆｕｌ               ａｒｔ               ｆｏｒｍｓ               ｅａｃｈ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｏｗｎ               ｕｎｉｑｕｅ               ｆｏｒｍ               ｏｆ               ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ.

Ｅｘｔｅｒｎａｌｉｓｉｎｇ               ｃｒｅａｔｉｖｉｔｙ               ａｎｄ               ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ               ｗａｓ               ｓｕｃｈ               ａ               ｇｒｅａｔ               ｆｏｒｍｕｌａ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｐａｓｔ               ｓｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｄｅｓｉｒｅ               ｔｏ               ｂｒｅａｋ               ａｗａｙ               ｉｓ               ｃｕｒｉｏｕｓ.

Ｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ               ｍｏｔｉｖａｔｉｏｎｓ               ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅ               ｌａｚｉｎｅｓｓ,               ｇｒｅｅｄ,               ｄｅｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ,               ｄｉｓｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ,               ｏｒ               ｏｐｅｎ               ｄｉｓｒｅｇａｒｄ               ｆｏｒ               ｏｒ               ｌａｃｋ               ｏｆ               ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇ               ｏｆ               ｏｕｒ               ｍｏｄｅｒｎ               ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ.

Ｉｔ               ｓｅｅｍｓ               ｗｅ               ａｒｅ               ｆｏｃｕｓｉｎｇ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｕｐｅｒｆｉｃｉａｌ               ｗｈｉｍｓ               ｏｆ               ｏｕｒ               ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ               ｒａｔｈｅｒ               ｔｈａｎ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｏｓｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｃｏｎｆｅｒ               ｍｅａｎｉｎｇ               ａｎｄ               ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｙ.

Ｍｏｄｅｒｎ               ｄｅｓｉｇｎｅｒｓ               ｏｆｔｅｎ               ｌｅａｖｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｉｍｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｏｔｉｖａｔｉｏｎ               ｉｓ               ｐｕｒｅｌｙ               ａｎ               ｅｇｏ               ｄｒｉｖｅｎ               ｄｅｓｉｒｅ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｓｅｅｎ               ａｓ               ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ,               ｒａｔｈｅｒ               ｔｈａｎ               ｔｏ               ｃｒｅａｔｅ               ｓｏｍｅｔｈｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｃａｎ               ｒｅｌａｔｅ.
               Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ               ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ               ｅｎｃｏｕｒａｇｅｓ               ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｉｔｙ               ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ               ｏｕｒ               ｃａｐｉｔａｌｉｓｔ               ｉｄｅｏｌｏｇｙ.

Ｉｎ               ａ               ｗａｙ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｈａｓ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｄｅｔｒｉｍｅｎｔ               ｏｆ               ａ               ｓｈａｒｅｄ               ｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ               ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｙ.

Ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｎ               ｈａｓ               ｄｉｍｉｎｉｓｈｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅ               ｂｕｔ               ｔｈａｔ               ｄｏｅｓ               ｎｏｔ               ｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｉｌｙ               ｍｅａｎ               ｔｈａｔ               ｗｅ               ｈａｖｅ               ｌｏｓｔ               ｏｕｒ               ｓｐｉｒｉｔｕａｌｉｔｙ,               ｍｅｒｅｌｙ               ｔｈａｔ               ｉｔ               ｈａｓ               ｂｅｃｏｍｅ               ｌｅｓｓ               ｄｅｆｉｎｅｄ.

Ｏｕｒ               ｖａｌｕｅｓ               ｈａｖｅ               ａｌｔｅｒｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｆａｖｏｕｒ               ｎｏｎ-ｄｉｓｃｒｉｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ               ａｎｄ               ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ               ｏｆ               ｏｔｈｅｒ               ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｈａｓ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｐｏｓｔｍｏｄｅｒｎ               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｉｔｓ               ｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｄｉｖｅｒｓｅ               ｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ               ｍｏｔｉｆｓ               ａｎｄ               ｓｙｍｂｏｌｉｓｍ.

Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ               ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ               ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ               ｍａｙ               ｂｅ               ｂｅｃｏｍｉｎｇ               ｓｏ               ｈｏｍｏｇｅｎｉｓｅｄ               ｔｈａｔ               ｗｅ               ａｒｅ               ｌｏｓｉｎｇ               ｓｉｇｈｔ               ｏｆ               ｏｕｒ               ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ               ａｎｄ               ｉｔｓ               ｌｉｎｋｓ               ｔｏ               ｏｕｒ               ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ               ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｙ               ｔｏ               ａｎ               ｅｘｔｅｎｔ               ｗｈｅｒｅ               ｗｅ               ｎｅｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｒｅｄｅｆｉｎｅ               ｏｕｒｓｅｌｖｅｓ.

Ｔｏ               ｒｅｇａｉｎ               ａ               ｕｎｉｑｕｅ               ｓｅｎｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｏｕｒｓｅｌｖｅｓ               ａｓ               ａ               ｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ               ｇｒｏｕｐ               ｗｅ               ｃｏｕｌｄ               ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙ               ｔｈｅｍｅｓ               ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ               ｉｎ               ｔｏｄａｙ'ｓ               ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ.
               Ｃａｐｉｔａｌｉｓｍ               ｈａｓ               ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄ               ａ               ｇｌｏｂａｌ               ｅｃｏｎｏｍｙ               ａｎｄ               ａ               ｇｌｏｂａｌ               ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ               ｔｏ               ａ               ｃｅｒｔａｉｎ               ｅｘｔｅｎｔ.

Ｗｅ               ｃｏｕｌｄ               ａｌｓｏ               ｖｉｅｗ               ｔｈｉｓ               ａｓ               ａ               ｎｅｗ               ｓｏｌｉｄａｒｉｔｙ               ｏｆ               ｈｕｍａｎｉｔｙ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｓｈａｒｅｄ               ａｓｐｉｒａｔｉｏｎｓ.

Ｉｎｎｏｖａｔｉｏｎ               ａｎｄ               ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ               ａｒｅ               ｔｗｏ               ｍａｊｏｒ               ｔｈｅｍｅｓ               ｉｎ               ｃｏｎｔｅｍｐｏｒａｒｙ               ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ               ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ.

Ａｓ               ａ               ｒｅｓｕｌｔ               ｏｆ               ａｄｖａｎｃｅｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ａｒｅａｓ               ｗｅ               ｈａｖｅ               ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ               ａｎ               ｅｘｔｅｒｎａｌ               ａｗａｒｅｎｅｓｓ               ｏｆ               ｏｕｒ               ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ               ａｎｄ               ａｎ               ｉｎｎｅｒ               ｎｅｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｒｅｃｏｎｎｅｃｔ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｎａｔｕｒｅ.
               Ａ               ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｏｎ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｉｎｎｅｒ               ｓｐｉｒｉｔ               ｍａｙ               ａｌｓｏ               ｂｅ               ｌａｃｋｉｎｇ               ｉｎ               ｍｏｄｅｒｎ               ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ.

Ｍｏｄｅｒｎ               ｌｉｆｅ               ｓｅｅｍｓ               ｔｏ               ｈａｖｅ               ｍａｄｅ               ｈｕｍａｎｉｔｙ               ｌｅｓｓ               ｓｐｏｎｔａｎｅｏｕｓ               ｉｎ               ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ,               ｅｖｅｒｙｔｈｉｎｇ               ｈａｓ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ａｎａｌｙｓｅｄ               ｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙ               ｂｅｆｏｒｅ               ｗｅ               ｅｘｔｅｒｎａｌｉｓｅ               ｏｕｒ               ｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｓ               ｔｏ               ｌｉｖｉｎｇ.

Ｌａｃｋ               ｏｆ               ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ               ｉｎ               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ               ｉｓ               ｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｉｎｇ               ｂａｃｋ               ａｔ               ｕｓ               ｏｕｒ               ｅｍｐｔｉｎｅｓｓ               ｏｆ               ｓｐｉｒｉｔ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｈｕｍａｎｉｔｙ               ｏｆ               ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ               ｗａｓ               ｂｅｔｔｅｒ               ｅｑｕｉｐｐｅｄ               ｔｏ               ａｐｐｒｅｃｉａｔｅ               ｌｉｆｅ               ａｔ               ａ               ｌｅｓｓ               ｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ               ｌｅｖｅｌ.

Ｏｕｒ               ｌｅｓｓｏｎ               ｉｎ               ｓｔｕｄｙｉｎｇ               ｈｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌ               ａｒｔ               ａｎｄ               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ               ｉｓ               ｎｏｔ               ｔｏ               ｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ｈａｓ               ａｌｒｅａｄｙ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｃｒｅａｔｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｏｒｍ               ｏｆ               ａ               'ｒｅｖｉｖａｌ'               ｂｕｔ               ｔｏ               ｒｅｇａｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｕｍａｎ               ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｌｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｏｌｄ               ｍａｓｔｅｒｓ               ｔｏ               ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｉｎｓｐｉｒｉｎｇ               ｗｏｒｋｓ.
               Ｆｉｒｓｔ               ｗｅ               ｎｅｅｄ               ａ               ｗａｙ               ｏｆ               ｐｅｎｅｔｒａｔｉｎｇ               ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｌａｙｅｒｓ               ｏｆ               ｍｏｄｅｒｎ               ｌｏｇｉｃ               ａｎｄ               ｓｕｐｅｒｆｉｃｉａｌｉｔｙ               ｔｈａｔ               ｈａｖｅ               ａｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｅｄ.

Ｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙ,               ｔｏ               ａｃｈｉｅｖｅ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｔｙｐｅ               ｏｆ               'ｗｉｎｄ               ｄｏｗｎ'               ｗｅ               ｅｎｇａｇｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｏｔｈｅｒ               ａｒｔｓ               ｓｕｃｈ               ａｓ               ｍｕｓｉｃ,               ｌｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅ               ａｎｄ               ｐａｉｎｔｉｎｇ,               ｉｎ               ａ               ｗａｙ               ｓｉｍｉｌａｒ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｒｅｎａｉｓｓａｎｃｅ               ａｒｔｉｓｔｓ               ｇａｉｎｅｄ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｉｎｓｐｉｒａｔｉｏｎ               ｆｏｒ               ｎｅｗ               ｉｎｖｅｎｔｉｖｅｎｅｓｓ.

Ｆｉｎｄｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｔｉｍｅ               ｉｎ               ｏｕｒ               ｗｏｒｋ               ａｎｄ               ｃａｒｅｅｒ               ｄｒｉｖｅｎ               ｌｉｖｅｓ               ｔｏ               ｒｅｃｏｎｎｅｃｔ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｏｕｒ               ｃｒｅａｔｉｖｉｔｙ               ａｎｄ               ｐｌａｃｅ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅ               ｏｎ               ａｅｓｔｈｅｔｉｃｓ               ｉｓ               ａ               ｍａｊｏｒ               ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ               ｉｎ               ｔｏｄａｙ'ｓ               ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ.

Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｈａｓ               ａｌｗａｙｓ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｉｎｓｐｉｒａｔｉｏｎ               ｄｅｒｉｖｅｄ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｔｈｅ               ａｒｔｓ               ａｎｄ               ｈｕｍａｎｉｔｉｅｓ               ｔｈａｎ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ.

Ｏｕｒ               ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ               ｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｓ               ｒｅｇａｒｄｉｎｇ               ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｓｓｕｅｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｅｘａｍｐｌｅ               ｃｏｕｌｄ               ｌｅａｄ               ｕｓ               ｔｏ               ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐ               ａ               ｇｒｅａｔｅｒ               ａｐｐｒｅｃｉａｔｉｏｎ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｅａｕｔｙ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｎａｔｕｒｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｗｅ               ｗｉｓｈ               ｔｏ               ｐｒｅｓｅｒｖｅ               ｒａｔｈｅｒ               ｔｈａｎ               ｆｏｃｕｓ               ｓｏｌｅｌｙ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｄａｍａｇｅ               ｈｕｍａｎｓ               ａｒｅ               ｉｎｆｌｉｃｔｉｎｇ               ｕｐｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｅａｒｔｈ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ               ｗｅ               ｎｅｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｌｉｍｉｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ.
               Ｃｏｎｔｅｍｐｏｒａｒｙ               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ               ｉｓ               ｓｈｏｗｉｎｇ               ｓｏｍｅ               ｓｉｇｎｓ               ｏｆ               ｒｅｃｏｖｅｒｙ               ｏｆ               ｈｕｍａｎ               ｃｒｅａｔｉｖｉｔｙ               ａｎｄ               ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ               ｔｏ               ｏｕｒ               ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ               ａｎｄ               ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ.

Ｆｒｅｎｃｈ               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔ               Ｊｅａｎ               Ｎｏｕｖｅｌ               ｅｎｇａｇｅｓ               ｉｎ               ｄｉａｌｏｇｕｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｈｉｓ               ｓｕｒｒｏｕｎｄｉｎｇｓ               ｔｏ               ｃｒｅａｔｅ               ｖｉｓｕａｌ               ｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｒｅｆｌｅｃｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ,               ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ               ａｎｄ               ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ               ａｎｄ               ｃｏｕｌｄ               ｂｅ               ｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｅｄ               ａｓ               Ｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌ               Ｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｉｓｍ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｒｅｇａｒｄｓ               ｔｏ               ｈｉｓ               ｆｏｃｕｓ               ｏｎ               ｃｏｎｔｅｘｔ.

Ｉｎ               ａ               ｑｕｏｔｅ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｔｈｅ               Ｎｅｗ               Ｙｏｒｋ               Ｔｉｍｅｓ               ｈｅ               ｓａｙｓ               "Ｉ               ｎｅｅｄ               ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ,"               ｎｏｔｉｎｇ               ｔｈａｔ               ｅｖｅｒｙ               ｐｅｒｓｏｎ               "ｉｓ               ａ               ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔ               ｏｆ               ａ               ｃｉｖｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ,               ｏｆ               ａ               ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ               (Ｐｏｇｒｅｂｉｎ               2008)."               Ａ               ｍａｊｏｒ               ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ               ｉｎ               ｈｉｓ               ｗｏｒｋ               ｉｓ               ｔｈｅ               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ               ｏｆ               ｌｉｇｈｔ.

Ｈｉｓ               ｃｒｅａｔｉｖｉｔｙ               ｉｓ               ｅｖｉｄｅｎｔ               ａｎｄ               ｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｎｔｒａｃｔｓ               ｈｅ               ｗｉｎｓ               ｉｎ               ｄｅｓｉｇｎｉｎｇ               ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｓ               ｄｅｄｉｃａｔｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ａｒｔｓ               ｓｕｃｈ               ａｓ               ｔｈｅ               Ｍｕｓｅｅ               ｄｕ               Ｑｕａｉ               Ｂｒａｎｌｙ,               Ｃｏｎｃｅｒｔ               Ｈａｌｌｓ               ｉｎ               Ｐａｒｉｓ               ａｎｄ               Ｃｏｐｅｎｈａｇｅｎ,               ａ               Ｌｏｕｖｒｅ               ｉｎ               Ａｂｕ               Ｄｈａｂｉ,               ｔｈｅ               Ａｒａｂ               Ｗｏｒｌｄ               Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ               ｉｎ               Ｐａｒｉｓ,               ａ               Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｍｕｓｅｕｍ               ｉｎ               Ｑａｔａｒ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               Ｇｕｔｈｒｉｅ               Ｔｈｅａｔｒｅ               ｉｎ               Ｍｉｎｎｅａｐｏｌｉｓ.
               Ｉｆ               ｔｏｄａｙ'ｓ               ｃｏｎｔｅｍｐｏｒａｒｙ               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ               ｉｓ               ｔｒｕｌｙ               ｒｅｌｅｖａｎｔ               ｔｏ               ｉｔｓ               ｔｉｍｅ               ｂｙ               ｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎ,               ｔｈｅｎ               ｗｅ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｅｘｐｅｃｔ               ｔｏ               ｓｅｅ               ｏｕｒ               ｍｏｓｔ               ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ               ｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ               ｔｈｅｍｅｓ               ｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｄｅｓｉｇｎ               ａｎｄ               ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ.

Ｉｎ               ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ               ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ               ｗｅ               ａｒｅ               ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇ               ａ               ｈｅｉｇｈｔｅｎｅｄ               ａｗａｒｅｎｅｓｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｖａｌｕｅ               ｉｎ               ｈｕｍａｎ               ｒｉｇｈｔｓ               ａｎｄ               ｅｑｕａｌｉｔｙ,               ｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ               ｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎ               ａｎｄ               ａ               ｄｅｓｉｒｅ               ｔｏ               ｒｅｇａｉｎ               ａ               ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｏｎ               ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｐｉｒｉｔｕａｌ.

Ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｒｏｌｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ａｒｔｉｓｔ               ａｎｄ               ｄｅｓｉｇｎｅｒ               ｔｏ               ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅ               ｈｏｗ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｔｈｅｍｅｓ               ｍａｙ               ｂｅ               ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｅｄ               ｉｎ               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ               ｉｎ               ａ               ｗａｙ               ｔｈａｔ               ｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｓｓｅｎｃｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ.

Ｏｎｌｙ               ｔｈｅｎ               ｃａｎ               ｗｅ               ｆｉｌｌ               ｏｕｒ               ｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ               ａｎｄ               ａｒｔｉｓｔｉｃ               ｖｏｉｄ,               ｖａｌｉｄａｔｅ               ｏｕｒ               ｔｉｍｅ               ｉｎ               ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ               ａｎｄ               ｓｅｔ               ａ               ｍｅａｎｉｎｇｆｕｌ               ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｕｔｕｒｅ.
               Ｂｉｂｌｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ
               Ａｒｔ               Ｄｅｃｏ               Ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｓ:               Ｌｏｎｄｏｎ               Ｅｘａｍｐｌｅｓ               ｎ.ｄ.,               ｖｉｅｗｅｄ               16               Ｊｕｌｙ               2008,               ｈｔｔｐ://ｗｗｗ.ｌｏｎｄｏｎ-ｆｏｏｔｐｒｉｎｔｓ.ｃｏ.ｕｋ/ａｒｔｄｅｃｏｂｌｄｇｓ.ｈｔｍ
               ＣｉｎｅｍａＴｏｕｒ               -               Ｃｉｎｅｍａｓ               Ａｒｏｕｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               Ｗｏｒｌｄ               -               Ｍｅｔｒｏ               Ｔｈｅａｔｒｅ,               Ｋｉｎｇｓ               Ｃｒｏｓｓ               ＮＳＷ               ｍｏｄｉｆｉｅｄ               14               Ｊａｎｕａｒｙ               2006,               Ｖｉｓｉｏｎ               Ｅｎｔｅｒｔａｉｎｍｅｎｔ               Ｓｅｒｖｉｃｅｓ,               ｖｉｅｗｅｄ               16               Ｊｕｌｙ               2008,               ｈｔｔｐ://ｗｗｗ.ｃｉｎｅｍａｔｏｕｒ.ｃｏｍ/ｔｏｕｒ/ａｕ/392.ｈｔｍｌ
               Ｍａｒｉｔｉｍｅ               Ｍｕｓｅｕｍ
               Ｓａｎ               Ｆｒａｎｃｉｓｃｏ               Ｍａｒｉｔｉｍｅ               Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｈｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌ               Ｐａｒｋ               ｍｏｄｉｆｉｅｄ               14               Ｓｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒ               2006,               Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｐａｒｋ               Ｓｅｒｖｉｃｅ               ＵＳ               Ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｉｎｔｅｒｉｏｒ,               ｖｉｅｗｅｄ               16               Ｊｕｌｙ               2008,               ｈｔｔｐ://ｗｗｗ.ｎｐｓ.ｇｏｖ/ｓａｆｒ/ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ/ｍａｒｉｔｉｍｅ-ｍｕｓｅｕｍ.ｈｔｍ
               Ｆｒｏｍ               Ｈｅｒｅ               ｔｏ               Ｍｏｄｅｒｎｉｔｙ               Ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｓ               -               Ｌｅ               Ｃｏｒｂｕｓｉｅｒ:
               Ｌ'Ｅｓｐｒｉｔ               Ｎｏｕｖｅａｕ               ｍｏｄｉｆｉｅｄ               17               Ｊｕｌｙ               2008,               Ｏｐｅｎ2.ｎｅｔ,               ｖｉｅｗｅｄ               16               Ｊｕｌｙ               2008,               ｈｔｔｐ://ｗｗｗ.ｏｐｅｎ2.ｎｅｔ/ｍｏｄｅｒｎｉｔｙ/4_1.ｈｔｍ
               Ｇｌａｓｇｏｗ
               Ｓｃｈｏｏｌ               ｏｆ               Ａｒｔ               -               Ｃｈａｒｌｅｓ               Ｒｅｎｎｉｅ               Ｍａｃｋｉｎｔｏｓｈ               ｍｏｄｉｆｉｅｄ               8               Ｍａｒｃｈ               2008,               Ｇｒｅａｔ               Ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｓ               Ｏｎｌｉｎｅ,               ｖｉｅｗｅｄ               14               Ｊｕｌｙ               2008,               ｈｔｔｐ://ｗｗｗ.ＧｒｅａｔＢｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｓ.ｃｏｍ/ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｓ/Ｇｌａｓｇｏｗ_Ｓｃｈｏｏｌ_ｏｆ_Ａｒｔ.ｈｔｍｌ
               Ｃｒａｖｅｎ,               Ｊ               2008,
               Ｐｅｒｉｏｄｓ               &               Ｓｔｙｌｅｓ               ｉｎ               Ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ:               Ｎｅｏ-Ｇｏｔｈｉｃ,               ｏｒ               Ｇｏｔｈｉｃ               Ｒｅｖｉｖａｌ',               Ａｂｏｕｔ.ｃｏｍ:               Ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ,               ｖｉｅｗｅｄ               12               Ｊｕｌｙ               2008,               ｈｔｔｐ://ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ.ａｂｏｕｔ.ｃｏｍ/ｏｄ/ｐｅｒｉｏｄｓｓｔｙｌｅｓ/ｉｇ/Ｈｉｓｔｏｒｉｃ-Ｓｔｙｌｅｓ/Ｎｅｏ-Ｇｏｔｈｉｃ---Ｇｏｔｈｉｃ-Ｒｅｖｉｖａｌ.ｈｔｍ
               Ｍａｙｅｒｎｉｋ,               Ｄ               &               Ｐａｉｋ,               Ｔ               2000,               Ｈｕｍａｎｉｓｔ               Ａｒｔ               Ｒｅｖｉｅｗ,               ｖｉｅｗｅｄ               16               Ｊｕｌｙ               2008,               ｈｔｔｐ://ｗｗｗ.ｈｕｍａｎｉｓｔａｒｔ.ｎｅｔ/ａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓ.ｈｔｍ
               Ｐｏｇｒｅｂｉｎ,               Ｒ               2008,               'Ｊｅａｎ               Ｎｏｕｖｅｌ               ｏｆ               Ｆｒａｎｃｅ               ｗｉｎｓ               Ｐｒｉｔｚｋｅｒ               ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ               ｐｒｉｚｅ',               Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｈｅｒａｌｄ               Ｔｒｉｂｕｎｅ,               ｖｉｅｗｅｄ               15               Ｊｕｌｙ               2008,               ｈｔｔｐ://ｗｗｗ.ｉｈｔ.ｃｏｍ/ａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓ/2008/03/30/ｓｔｙｌｅ/30ｐｒｉｔｚｋｅｒ.ｐｈｐ?ｐａｇｅ=1
               Ｍｉｄｌａｎｄ               Ｈｏｔｅｌ,               Ｍｏｒｅｃａｍｂｅ               ｍｏｄｉｆｉｅｄ               8               Ｍａｒｃｈ               2008,               Ａｒｔ               Ｄｅｃｏ               -               Ａｒｔ               Ｎｏｕｖｅａｕ               ｏｎ               Ｗａｙｍａｒｋｉｎｇ.ｃｏｍ,               ｖｉｅｗｅｄ               15               Ｊｕｌｙ               2008,               ｈｔｔｐ://ｗｗｗ.ｗａｙｍａｒｋｉｎｇ.ｃｏｍ/ｗａｙｍａｒｋｓ/ＷＭ3Ｙ7Ｋ
               Ｒａｄｉｏ               Ｃｉｔｙ               Ｍｕｓｉｃ               Ｈａｌｌ               ｍｏｄｉｆｉｅｄ               18               Ｊｕｌｙ               2008,               Ｎｅｗ               Ｙｏｒｋ               Ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ               Ｉｍａｇｅｓ,               ｖｉｅｗｅｄ               14               Ｊｕｌｙ               2008,               ｈｔｔｐ://ｗｗｗ.ｎｙｃ-ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ.ｃｏｍ/ＭＩＤ/ＭＩＤ061.ｈｔｍ
               Ｗｈｏ               Ｗｅ               Ａｒｅ               ｍｏｄｉｆｉｅｄ               18               Ｊｕｌｙ               2008,               ＶＳＢＡ               :               Ｖｅｎｔｕｒｉ               Ｓｃｏｔｔ               Ｂｒｏｗｎ               ａｎｄ               Ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｓ               Ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ,               ｖｉｅｗｅｄ               16               Ｊｕｌｙ               2008,               ｈｔｔｐ://ｗｗｗ.ｖｓｂａ.ｃｏｍ/ｗｈｏｗｅａｒｅ/ｏｐｅｎｅｒ.ｈｔｍｌ

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Inspiring London Interior
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Serial DesignbyCyrille Najjar

http://cyrillenajjar.blogspot.com/

Cyrille Najjar, product designer from beirut to london, MA graduate in interior architecture from ALBA, and MA graduate from the royal College of Arts (RCA) UK, Professor...

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2013년 11월 29일 금요일

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About 'interior designers london'|Inspiring London Interior

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