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2013년 11월 29일 금요일

About 'interior designers london'|Inspiring London Interior







About 'interior designers london'|Inspiring London Interior








Architecture               manifests               as               an               expression               of               creativity               and               culture.

It               provides               a               map               on               the               earth               of               artistic               styles               which               have               arisen               and               how               they               have               evolved               over               time.

Permanent               structures               serve               as               reminders               of               historical               events,               allowing               us               to               reflect               on               the               past               and               make               connections               with               a               culture               that               we               may               have               never               experienced.

From               appreciating               architecture               we               can               gain               insights               into               the               needs               and               ideals               of               a               society               and               how               the               equilibrium               between               aesthetics               and               economics               is               shifted.

An               analysis               of               historical               architecture               can               tell               us               about               the               evolution               of               humanity,               including               understanding               today's               culture               as               well               as               making               predictions               about               the               future               for               our               culture.

In               addition               to               responding               to               the               requirements               of               a               society,               architecture               could               also               have               the               potential               to               influence               the               direction               of               cultural               progression.

Therefore               the               choice               of               architectural               style               today               may               have               consequences               for               the               identity               we               choose               and               what               type               of               focus               society               will               adopt               for               the               future.

Designers               and               architects               have               a               responsibility               to               inspire               artistic               productivity               in               human               beings               who               are               essentially               creative               even               in               business.

Living               and               working               environments               need               not               only               to               provide               a               practical               function               but               also               the               psychological               motivation               for               those               who               inhabit               the               constructions               to               perform               optimally.

Charles-Edouard               Jeanneret's               (Le               Corbusier)               now               famous               comment               that               "a               house               is               a               machine               for               living               in"               has               been               criticised               for               its               disconnection               with               humanity,               although               his               main               concerns               were               for               the               health               and               comfort               of               humans.

Perhaps               it               is               the               creativity               of               humanity               that               received               insufficient               focus.

Unfortunately               aesthetics               of               many               buildings               that               followed               on               from               his               purist               designs               were               not               in               line               with               cultural               and               aesthetic               ideals.
               French               architecture               went               into               aesthetic               decline,               depending               on               one's               point               of               view,               at               the               beginning               of               the               twentieth               century.

Other               notable               architects               of               the               day               such               as               Francois               Hennebique,               Auguste               Perret               and               Tony               Garnier               left               behind               the               artisanal               creativity               of               Gothic,               Renaissance               and               Classic               art               with               their               use               of               concrete               in               the               beginnings               of               modern               construction.
               Le               Corbusier's               vision               to               create               radiant               cities               led               to               new               cleaner               forms               and               airy               and               bright               interiors               throughout               the               twentieth               century.

Principle's               of               his               purist               classic               designs               are               evident               in               today's               modern               architecture.

Cities               comprised               of               the               rectilinear               International               Style               may               be               perceived               by               some               as               clean,               bright               and               healthy,               or               stark,               sterile               and               empty               by               others.

While               council               estates               such               as               those               at               Roehampton               in               Surrey               solved               post-war               accommodation               problems,               they               created               a               sense               of               packaging               away               humans               as               if               from               a               need               to               tidy               up               the               population               in               storage-like               facilities.

Subsequently               this               led               to               the               buildings               from               the               1960's               onwards               appearing               to               exist               despite               nature               and               environment               rather               than               in               harmony.

This               style               expanded               globally               without               any               regional               reference               or               cultural               connection.

Individuality,               uniqueness               and               expression               had               disappeared.
               By               contrast               twentieth               century               architecture               has               not               been               confined               to               purely               modern               construction.

We've               seen               a               Gothic               revival               in               the               nineteenth               century               which               continued               to               influence               early               twentieth               century               architecture               with               neo-gothic               examples               including               Raymond               Hood               and               John               Howell's               Chicago               Tribune               Tower               in               1924               and               Cass               Gilbert's               Woolworth               building               in               New               York               in               1913               (Craven               2008).
               Apart               from               revivals               we               have               seen               new               decorative               styles               such               as               the               Art               Nouveau               and               Art               Deco               movements               which               borrowed               design               from               nature,               and               art               designs               and               exotic               icons               from               a               variety               of               cultures               respectively.

These               movements               have               given               us               the               early               twentieth               century               Glasgow               School               of               Art               by               Charles               Rennie               Mackintosh               in               1909,               and               the               Radio               City               Music               Hall               in               New               York               by               Edward               Durell               Stone               in               1932.
               As               the               world               economy               declined               so               did               the               artistic               design               in               architecture,               and               the               Streamline               Moderne               rose               to               dominance               during               the               1930's               and               1940's.

This               follow-on               style               from               Art               Deco               is               noted               for               its               curved               lines               and               diminishing               decorative               detail               represented               in               examples               such               as               Oliver               Hill's               new               Midland               Hotel               in               Morcambe,               England               in               1932,               the               Victoria               Coach               Station               in               London,               the               1937               Bather's               Building,               now               the               San               Francisco               Maritime               Museum,               and               the               Sydney               Metro               Theatre.

Fascination               with               the               machine               age               led               to               transport,               notably               marine,               being               a               common               theme               in               this               architectural               form.
               After               the               war               this               style               evolved               to               International               Style               as               the               precursor               to               Modern               architecture.

Is               this               artistic               decline               simply               a               function               of               economic               hardship               and               requirement               for               rapid               expansion,               or               is               it               more               a               sign               of               the               associated               spiritual               and               moral               decline?

Our               valuing               of               art               has               given               way               to               the               greater               value               that               we               now               place               on               finance               and               economics.

We               can               hardly               blame               all               this               on               the               war               since               the               world               wars               of               the               twentieth               century               were               certainly               not               the               first               in               history.

Difficult               times               have               been               experienced               throughout               the               centuries;               it               is               perhaps               our               priorities               and               response               to               difficulties               that               has               changed.
               Modern               buildings               are               cheaper               to               design               and               build,               and               faster               to               erect               leading               to               greater               profits               and               higher               turnover;               but               at               a               high               cost               to               humanity.

Would               we,               for               example,               put               a               value               on               the               Louvre               then               lament               that               we               could               have               built               three               hundred               modern               apartments               for               less               cost               and               in               a               shorter               time               period?

The               most               economical               way               isn't               necessarily               the               preferred               way.

What               mark               do               today's               artists,               including               architects,               hope               to               leave               behind               as               their               legacy               for               future               generations?
               Modernists               claim               to               pursue               timelessness               and               perfection.

However               the               constructions               almost               seem               to               have               been               created               as               disposable               items,               with               the               kind               of               nothingness               in               the               design               that               will               limit               society's               attention               and               appreciation.

Lines               so               perfect,               it               is               devoid               of               art.

So               timeless,               it               reflects               nothing               about               our               culture               or               epoch,               except               our               loss               of               interest               in               detail               and               pragmatic               approach               to               progress.

Everything               changes               over               time               therefore               design               should               be               encouraged               to               reflect               change               over               time.

There               is               little               point               in               creating               something               'timeless',               unless               the               assumption               is               that               it               will               be               demolished               before               time               changes               again.

Planning               to               avoid               time               is               a               futile               exercise.

It               demonstrates               a               lack               of               connectivity               to               nature               and               the               world               in               which               we               live.
               A               reaction               to               the               blandness               of               modernism               occurred               with               the               rising               of               postmodernism.

The               new               age               inclinations               of               our               culture               to               indulge               in               navel-gazing               and               symbolism               resulted               in               a               diverse               array               of               architectural               styles.

Making               a               statement               suddenly               became               more               important               than               aesthetics,               and               this               is               evident               in               the               populist               works               of               Venturi               and               Scott               Brown.

While               wanting               to               put               individuality               back               into               architecture               it               was               as               if               they               disregarded               the               decorative               arts,               which               they               viewed               as               superficial,               in               favour               of               banal               design               that               seeks               interpretation               in               what               is               not               present,               or               hidden,               rather               than               what               is               visually               evident.

Perceiving               decorative               architecture               as               superficial               could               be               seen               as               somewhat               of               a               contradiction               since               decorative               design               requires               a               creative               soul.

It               is               curious               that               this               movement               was               unable               or               unwilling               to               appreciate               the               possibility               of               interpretation               using               decorative               designs               or               even               the               potential               for               reinterpretation,               instead               focusing               on               the               'ugly               and               ordinary'.

After               all,               from               the               1960's               we               have               had               this               awareness               of               reinterpretation               from               the               writings               of               Roland               Barthes               and               others.

Perhaps               we               have               been               interpreting               humanity               from               a               mundane               and               negative               perspective.
               Society               has               reacted               to               the               lack               of               aesthetic               appeal               of               postmodern               construction               by               reverting               to               the               principles               of               modernism.

Perhaps               it               is               a               reactionary               response               to               the               hideous               architecture               of               the               1970's               that               seems               to               have               already               passed               its               use-by               date.

However,               the               absence               of               ugliness               is               still               seen               as               preferable               to               the               presence               of               beauty.

Such               a               reversion               to               a               formula               lacking               in               artistic               creativity               is               perhaps               a               sign               of               creative               exhaustion               in               our               culture,               an               uncertainty               of               our               identity               and               apprehension               of               the               future.
               Whatever               we               create               will               in               some               way               be               a               reflection               of               our               time               and               will               therefore               'date',               so               we               would               do               better               to               create               something               worth               looking               at               with               pride.

Gothic,               Renaissance,               Classic,               Art               Nouveau               and               Art               Deco               styles               are               all               dated               yet               they               are               still               admired               because               they               include               beautiful               art               forms               each               with               their               own               unique               form               of               expression.

Externalising               creativity               and               culture               was               such               a               great               formula               in               the               past               so               the               desire               to               break               away               is               curious.

Possible               motivations               include               laziness,               greed,               depression,               disconnectivity,               or               open               disregard               for               or               lack               of               understanding               of               our               modern               culture.

It               seems               we               are               focusing               on               the               superficial               whims               of               our               culture               rather               than               on               those               that               confer               meaning               and               identity.

Modern               designers               often               leave               the               impression               that               the               motivation               is               purely               an               ego               driven               desire               to               be               seen               as               different,               rather               than               to               create               something               to               which               people               can               relate.
               Western               culture               encourages               individuality               through               our               capitalist               ideology.

In               a               way               this               has               been               to               the               detriment               of               a               shared               cultural               identity.

Religion               has               diminished               in               importance               but               that               does               not               necessarily               mean               that               we               have               lost               our               spirituality,               merely               that               it               has               become               less               defined.

Our               values               have               altered               to               favour               non-discrimination               and               support               of               other               cultures               and               this               has               been               reflected               in               postmodern               architecture               with               its               use               of               diverse               cultural               motifs               and               symbolism.

However               western               culture               may               be               becoming               so               homogenised               that               we               are               losing               sight               of               our               history               and               its               links               to               our               present               identity               to               an               extent               where               we               need               to               redefine               ourselves.

To               regain               a               unique               sense               of               ourselves               as               a               cultural               group               we               could               identify               themes               present               in               today's               society.
               Capitalism               has               produced               a               global               economy               and               a               global               culture               to               a               certain               extent.

We               could               also               view               this               as               a               new               solidarity               of               humanity               with               shared               aspirations.

Innovation               and               science               are               two               major               themes               in               contemporary               western               culture.

As               a               result               of               advances               in               these               areas               we               have               developed               an               external               awareness               of               our               environment               and               an               inner               need               to               reconnect               with               nature.
               A               connection               to               the               inner               spirit               may               also               be               lacking               in               modern               society.

Modern               life               seems               to               have               made               humanity               less               spontaneous               in               expression,               everything               has               to               be               analysed               carefully               before               we               externalise               our               reactions               to               living.

Lack               of               expression               in               architecture               is               reflecting               back               at               us               our               emptiness               of               spirit.

The               humanity               of               history               was               better               equipped               to               appreciate               life               at               a               less               complex               level.

Our               lesson               in               studying               historical               art               and               architecture               is               not               to               reproduce               that               which               has               already               been               created               in               the               form               of               a               'revival'               but               to               regain               the               understanding               of               the               human               processes               that               led               the               old               masters               to               produce               their               inspiring               works.
               First               we               need               a               way               of               penetrating               through               the               layers               of               modern               logic               and               superficiality               that               have               accumulated.

Generally,               to               achieve               this               type               of               'wind               down'               we               engage               with               other               arts               such               as               music,               literature               and               painting,               in               a               way               similar               that               the               renaissance               artists               gained               their               inspiration               for               new               inventiveness.

Finding               the               time               in               our               work               and               career               driven               lives               to               reconnect               with               our               creativity               and               place               more               importance               on               aesthetics               is               a               major               problem               in               today's               society.

However               there               has               always               been               more               inspiration               derived               from               the               arts               and               humanities               than               from               technology.

Our               current               concerns               regarding               environmental               issues               for               example               could               lead               us               to               develop               a               greater               appreciation               for               the               beauty               of               the               nature               that               we               wish               to               preserve               rather               than               focus               solely               on               the               damage               humans               are               inflicting               upon               the               earth               and               the               technology               we               need               to               limit               the               problems.
               Contemporary               architecture               is               showing               some               signs               of               recovery               of               human               creativity               and               connectivity               to               our               culture               and               environment.

French               architect               Jean               Nouvel               engages               in               dialogue               with               his               surroundings               to               create               visual               compositions               that               reflect               the               people,               culture               and               environment               and               could               be               classified               as               Critical               Regionalism               with               regards               to               his               focus               on               context.

In               a               quote               from               the               New               York               Times               he               says               "I               need               analysis,"               noting               that               every               person               "is               a               product               of               a               civilization,               of               a               culture               (Pogrebin               2008)."               A               major               influence               in               his               work               is               the               architecture               of               light.

His               creativity               is               evident               and               reflected               in               the               contracts               he               wins               in               designing               buildings               dedicated               to               the               arts               such               as               the               Musee               du               Quai               Branly,               Concert               Halls               in               Paris               and               Copenhagen,               a               Louvre               in               Abu               Dhabi,               the               Arab               World               Institute               in               Paris,               a               National               Museum               in               Qatar               and               the               Guthrie               Theatre               in               Minneapolis.
               If               today's               contemporary               architecture               is               truly               relevant               to               its               time               by               definition,               then               we               would               expect               to               see               our               most               important               cultural               themes               represented               in               design               and               construction.

In               western               society               we               are               developing               a               heightened               awareness               of               the               value               in               human               rights               and               equality,               ecological               conservation               and               a               desire               to               regain               a               connection               between               the               physical               and               the               spiritual.

It               is               the               role               of               the               artist               and               designer               to               determine               how               these               themes               may               be               expressed               in               architecture               in               a               way               that               reflects               the               essence               of               the               people.

Only               then               can               we               fill               our               cultural               and               artistic               void,               validate               our               time               in               history               and               set               a               meaningful               direction               for               the               future.
               Bibliography
               Art               Deco               Buildings:               London               Examples               n.d.,               viewed               16               July               2008,               http://www.london-footprints.co.uk/artdecobldgs.htm
               CinemaTour               -               Cinemas               Around               the               World               -               Metro               Theatre,               Kings               Cross               NSW               modified               14               January               2006,               Vision               Entertainment               Services,               viewed               16               July               2008,               http://www.cinematour.com/tour/au/392.html
               Maritime               Museum
               San               Francisco               Maritime               National               Historical               Park               modified               14               September               2006,               National               Park               Service               US               Department               of               the               Interior,               viewed               16               July               2008,               http://www.nps.gov/safr/historyculture/maritime-museum.htm
               From               Here               to               Modernity               Architects               -               Le               Corbusier:
               L'Esprit               Nouveau               modified               17               July               2008,               Open2.net,               viewed               16               July               2008,               http://www.open2.net/modernity/4_1.htm
               Glasgow
               School               of               Art               -               Charles               Rennie               Mackintosh               modified               8               March               2008,               Great               Buildings               Online,               viewed               14               July               2008,               http://www.GreatBuildings.com/buildings/Glasgow_School_of_Art.html
               Craven,               J               2008,
               Periods               &               Styles               in               Architecture:               Neo-Gothic,               or               Gothic               Revival',               About.com:               Architecture,               viewed               12               July               2008,               http://architecture.about.com/od/periodsstyles/ig/Historic-Styles/Neo-Gothic---Gothic-Revival.htm
               Mayernik,               D               &               Paik,               T               2000,               Humanist               Art               Review,               viewed               16               July               2008,               http://www.humanistart.net/articles.htm
               Pogrebin,               R               2008,               'Jean               Nouvel               of               France               wins               Pritzker               architecture               prize',               International               Herald               Tribune,               viewed               15               July               2008,               http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/03/30/style/30pritzker.php?page=1
               Midland               Hotel,               Morecambe               modified               8               March               2008,               Art               Deco               -               Art               Nouveau               on               Waymarking.com,               viewed               15               July               2008,               http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3Y7K
               Radio               City               Music               Hall               modified               18               July               2008,               New               York               Architecture               Images,               viewed               14               July               2008,               http://www.nyc-architecture.com/MID/MID061.htm
               Who               We               Are               modified               18               July               2008,               VSBA               :               Venturi               Scott               Brown               and               Associates               Architecture,               viewed               16               July               2008,               http://www.vsba.com/whoweare/opener.html






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